梁乃新教授:NSCLC术后复发/转移的治疗经验分享,精准检测和第三代TKI至关重要

2019-09-27 佚名 肿瘤资讯

手术治疗是非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者可能实现治愈的一个主要治疗手段,但几乎所有患者都面临着术后复发的风险。

手术治疗是非小细胞肺癌NSCLC)患者可能实现治愈的一个主要治疗手段,但几乎所有患者都面临着术后复发的风险。

NSCLC术后复发/转移治疗现状不容乐观

手术作为早中期NSCLC的主要治疗手段,既往已经被证明能够使绝大部分的患者得到治愈,但仍有一部分患者术后出现了复发/转移。在第八版的肺癌TNM分期中,IA期患者的5年生存率(OS)为90%,IA期以后分期的患者,5年OS下降得非常明显。既往有一些患者接受过术后辅助化疗,但术后辅助化疗使患者的5年OS仅提高5%,这个数据是不太令人满意的。一旦患者出现复发/转移,一般应按晚期NSCLC的治疗策略处理。对于这些患者的治疗,首先要遵循晚期NSCLC的治疗原则,明确患者的基因状态,根据患者是否有驱动基因突变和靶向治疗机会而对其进行分类。对于有靶向治疗机会的患者,应首选靶向治疗;如果患者没有靶向治疗的机会,治疗策略则需要回归到传统的化疗。目前,肺癌免疫治疗的研究非常火热,一部分患者也有机会接受免疫治疗,或者免疫治疗联合化疗。

精准检测助力治疗方案制定

关于NSCLC术后复发患者治疗方案的制定较为复杂,在此分享一些我们中心的经验。首先,需要明确患者的术后病理分期、有无淋巴结转移。第二,需明确患者在进行第一次手术以后,有无进行术后辅助治疗。如果患者既往接受过术后辅助治疗,那么新发病灶可能和原发灶不完全一致;但如果患者术后没有接受过辅助治疗,则新发/复发转移灶很有可能和原发灶有非常大的关联。出现复发/转移时,如果患者不便或没有机会进行活检,则可以利用第一次原发灶的病理和分子检测结果来指导患者使用新的治疗方案。因为术后复发/转移的患者的肿瘤细胞很可能发生了进化或其他变化。我们需要通过基因、RNA、蛋白质三个层面,在精准医学上进一步综合分析,才能明确患者复发/转移的真正原因。然后基于科学客观的检测,结合精准检测的结果,分析化疗、靶向治疗、抗血管生成、免疫治疗这四大类的治疗方法究竟哪种更适合患者的需求,才能综合制定治疗策略。

EGFRm+NSCLC术后复发合并复杂基因突变,奥希替尼优势显着

NSCLC术后复发/转移病灶的确诊过程,首先需要明确患者术后是否接受过辅助治疗,如果需要对原发灶或复发转移灶进行组织活检,或通过ctDNA检测,明确患者是否合并EGFR敏感突变。对于这部分患者的治疗遵循晚期NSCLC的治疗原则,首选靶向治疗,而不是传统的化疗或放化疗联合。那么这类术后复发的EGFR敏感突变NSCLC患者在治疗时,该如何选择一至三代的TKI药物呢?目前暂时缺乏大样本的临床数据来回答这一问题。但是从理论和既往经验而言,如果患者只是合并单纯的EGFR敏感突变,选择第一代和第三代药物治疗都可以取得较好的疗效。如果Ⅳ期NSCLC患者除了合并EGFR敏感突变,还合并T790M耐药突变,或是在肿瘤进化过程中出现的其他伴随突变,如中国人群比较容易出现的TP53、 KRAS、PI3K、AKT等EGFR上下游的通路突变,在这种情况下,第一代TKI的疗效较第三代TKI稍差。既往的一系列研究已经证实,奥希替尼是晚期NSCLC患者一线治疗的首选用药,因此推荐选择第三代TKI奥希替尼作为术后复发/转移同时合并复杂基因突变患者的首选治疗用药。

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    2019-09-29 lsj628
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    2019-09-27 肿肿

    NSCLC下一步突破在于新靶点了,靶向治疗和免疫治疗基本见顶了,再有新的就需要新机制了

    0

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