Pediatrics :儿科医师是治疗双相障碍的重要伙伴

2012-11-29 Pediatrics Pediatrics

       近日一份在线发表于《儿科学》杂志[Pediatrics 2012 Nov 26]标题为“儿科医师在青少年双相型障碍的诊断和治疗中的合作作用”的报告显示:尽管双相型障碍(BD)性质复杂,但儿科医师在参与和协助精神卫生专业人员治疗BD青少年方面有“重要的合作作用”。     &nbs

       近日一份在线发表于《儿科学》杂志[Pediatrics 2012 Nov 26]标题为“儿科医师在青少年双相型障碍的诊断和治疗中的合作作用”的报告显示:尽管双相型障碍(BD)性质复杂,但儿科医师在参与和协助精神卫生专业人员治疗BD青少年方面有“重要的合作作用”。

       “根据诊断的日益增多,儿科医师发现被诊断为BD的青少年数量越来越多。”该报告的第一作者Benjamin Shain(医学博士,理学博士)在接受Medscape医学新闻采访时说。

       “过去,儿科医师没有受过关于这种病症的教育,这是他们的知识基础、技能及对患者的安慰方面的一大漏洞,这篇文章的理念是为了帮助他们填补这一漏洞。”Shain医师(伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿市北岸大学卫生系统儿童和青少年精神病学系主任)说。

       该报告提供了几个小病例,旨在阐明常见的诊断和治疗问题。报告还呼吁儿科医师做到以下几点:

       熟悉BD的诊断标准和不同类型;

       与儿童及青少年精神科医师以及其他精神卫生专业人员保持联系;

       熟悉心境稳定剂和不典型抗精神病药物的不良反应和建议的监测方案;

       协助监测和处理药物的不良反应,特别是体重增加、高脂血症和糖尿病

       认真和全面地记录所有建议,包括转诊、开具的药物,以及观察和报告不良反应的指示。

       有价值的团队成员

       Shain医师说,他并未期望儿科医师能够读到这份临床报告,进而能诊断和处理BD。

       “事实上,看到这份报告的儿科医师会带着相反的信息,即如果他们一开始害怕BD,那么现在他们更加害怕了,但这是正常的,因为BD是一种会使人衰弱的复杂病症,治疗也很复杂。”他说。“儿科医师没有受过这方面的培训。但是,儿科医师可能是诊断、处理和治疗BD的团队中非常有价值的成员。”Shain医师说。

       简单的建议

       Gabrielle A. Carlson(医学博士,纽约石溪大学医学院精神病学和儿科学教授,儿童和青少年精神病学系主任,美国精神病学会会员)为Medscape医学新闻回顾了这份临床报告。

       她说她对该报告中的建议“没有疑问,”但她补充说:“我认为,总体上这篇文章本身对儿科医师而言相当震撼。”

       Carlson医师说她的建议要“简单得多”。

       首先,“如果青少年有重度抑郁和BD家族史,并且对简单的抗抑郁治疗措施没有反应,那么我还有第二个建议。”她说。

       第二,“如果青少年的行为发生了显著变化,满足我的HIPERS标准(H指目标导向的多动-能量过剩/多动;I指过分易激惹;P指精神病[夸张、幻觉、妄想];E指兴高采烈、格外高涨的情绪;R指言语、思维快速;S指睡眠改变[不想睡或感到没有任何必要睡]),那么我会建议家属就近到BD领域专家(可能不会全部都很近,但是走一趟是值得的)和/或大学的医学中心就诊。作为儿科医师,我会给专家打电话,并且将患者转诊,以及约时间讨论以后的处理方案。”Carlson医师说。

       第三,Carlson医师说她会鼓励儿科医师“查询当地是否正在进行有关躁狂的药物研究(躁狂研究比BD研究多)。即使儿童没有满足研究的标准,他们通常也会得到适当的评价。真正躁狂的青少年可能在儿科医师的处理范围之外。”


Collaborative Role of the Pediatrician in the Diagnosis and Management of Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents

ABSTRACT
Despite the complexity of diagnosis and management, pediatricians have an important collaborative role in referring and partnering in the management of adolescents with bipolar disorder. This report presents the classification of bipolar disorder as well as interviewing and diagnostic guidelines. Treatment options are described, particularly focusing on medication management and rationale for the common practice of multiple, simultaneous medications. Medication adverse effects may be problematic and better managed with collaboration between mental health professionals and pediatricians. Case examples illustrate a number of common diagnostic and management issues.

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    2013-08-14 feather89
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    2013-02-12 hbwxf
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