Lancet Oncol:3-4个周期的铂基一线化疗对晚期NSCLCL足够吗?

2014-10-07 MedSci译 MedSci原创

以铂类为基础的化疗是晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的标准一线治疗。然而,最佳的治疗周期数量仍存在争议。ASCO和ESMO的推荐和指南中均支持在合适的患者中给予铂类化疗方案的4个周期。但有些研究认为,在患者可以耐受的条件下,适当延长周期至6个周期,可能有更大的获益。为了解决这一争议,研究人员开展了一项系统综述和荟萃分析,利用个体患者的数据比较以铂类为基础化疗的6个周期 vs 少于计划周期的疗效。该项研究发

以铂类为基础的化疗是晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的标准一线治疗。然而,最佳的治疗周期数量仍存在争议。ASCO和ESMO的推荐和指南中均支持在合适的患者中给予铂类化疗方案的4个周期。但有些研究认为,在患者可以耐受的条件下,适当延长周期至6个周期,可能有更大的获益。

为了解决这一争议,研究人员开展了一项系统综述和荟萃分析,利用个体患者的数据比较以铂类为基础化疗的6个周期 vs 少于计划周期的疗效。该项研究发表在《Lancet Oncology》杂志上。

所有比较用于晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的一线以铂类为基础化疗6个周期 vs 小于计划周期的随机试验均符合纳入系统性综述和荟萃分析的条件。主要终点是总生存期。次要终点是无进展生存期,客观缓解的患者比例,和毒性。统计分析采用意向性治疗,通过试验分层。总生存期和无进展生存期利用log-rank检验进行比较。客观缓解的患者比例通过Mantel-Haenszel检验比较。
借助试验和患者特征研究预先指定分析的有效变化。

研究人员通过荟萃随机试验在晚期非小细胞肺癌患者中,比较了一线,以铂类为基础化疗的6个周期 vs 更少周期的疗效。

五项符合标准的试验被确认;个体患者数据收集自这些试验中的四项,包括1139例患者——568例分配到6个周期,571例分配到3个周期(两项试验)或者4个周期(两项试验)。患者接受顺铂(两项试验)或者卡铂(两项试验)。从四项符合条件的试验中获得了个体患者数据,在试验中568例患者分配到6个周期化疗,571例患者分配到3个或4个周期的化疗。在这些化疗组中总生存期(6个周期组为9.54个月[95% CI 8·98-10·69] vs 小于6个周期组为8.68个月[95% CI 8·98-10·69])没有差异([HR] 0·94 [95% CI 0·83-1·07], p=0·33) ,只有轻度异质性(p=0·076; I(2)=56%).。

不过,中位无进展生存期(6.09个月(95% CI 5·82-6·87) vs 5.33个月(4·90-5·62)),二者相比,有显著性差异(HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.90; p=0.0007),6个周期化疗优于6个周期以内。在ORR(objective response)方面,6个周期组为41.3%,而6个周期以下组为36.5%,二者并无显著性差异(p=0.16),也没有明显的异质性。不过在3-4级贫血不良反应方面,3-4个周期化疗比例为2.9%,而6个周期化疗发生比例为7.8%。

从上述结果来看,以铂类为基础的前期化疗少于6个周期可以不用担心带来较差的预后,在总生存期方面并无差异,虽然无进展生存似乎化疗周期为6个周期时,略有优势。然而,随后维持单药治疗是否获益的问题尚没有解决。

Jean-Yves Douillard教授为此发表了他的评论,认为由Rossi等人发表的论文其实证实了目前ASCO和ESMO的推荐和指南。这两个学会都赞同在合适的患者中给予铂类化疗方案的4个周期,以总生存期作为这种实践的主要终点。值得高兴的是以患者为基础的荟萃分析也是这样证实的。

然而,这种分析也存在一些弱点,包括只有一共1139例患者,在1995年到2004年间开展的四项试验,以及大多数使用的药物都是不合时宜的。在他们的分析中,研究人员确认与3或4个周期相比,6个周期的总生存期上没有获益,在试验中可以注意到一定的异质性。然而,6个周期的使用与显著改善具有相关性(HR,0.79;P=0.0007),伴有一个超过21天的无进展生存期——ASCO指南中在毒性和生活质量上的一个终点“提示审查”。在缓解率上没有明显差异。在这项荟萃分析中,根据组织学没有观察到相互作用,这种情况显然不同于目前临床实践和协同铂类药物的选择,倾向于培美曲塞用于非鳞状肺癌和吉西他滨用于鳞状病变中。

此外,这项报告没有解决四个周期诱导治疗后的维持治疗的作用。根据近期的临床实验结果,维持治疗(继续或者转换)正在日益普及。综上所述,此次试验的荟萃分析证实了目前的临床实践和指南,但是没有产生任何影响并不能解决组织学指导的药物选择和维持治疗的使用。

原始出处:
Rossi A, Chiodini P, Sun JM, O'Brien ME, von Plessen C, Barata F, Park K, Popat S, Bergman B, Parente B, Gallo C, Gridelli C, Perrone F, Di Maio M.Six versus fewer planned cycles of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Oct;15(11):1254-62

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    2015-02-04 howi
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    2015-06-21 minlingfeng
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