EHA 2013:LymphoSIGHT检出急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)微小残留病(MRD)优于传统方法

2013-07-02 MedSci MedSci原创

    一种新型的处于研究阶段的高通量测序技术——LymphoSIGHT(淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白和T细胞受体测序)平台,检测急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)微小残留病(MRD)的能力与传统方法相当,但繁琐程度大为减轻。    根据提交至欧洲血液学协会(EHA)第18届代表大会的一项研究,新的筛查方法可以发现标准方法未能检测的白血病克隆。&nbsp

    一种新型的处于研究阶段的高通量测序技术——LymphoSIGHT(淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白和T细胞受体测序)平台,检测急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)微小残留病(MRD)的能力与传统方法相当,但繁琐程度大为减轻。
    根据提交至欧洲血液学协会(EHA)第18届代表大会的一项研究,新的筛查方法可以发现标准方法未能检测的白血病克隆。
    主要研究者芝加哥大学癌症综合治疗中心血液学/肿瘤学教授Wendy Stock博士说,这两种技术总体而言检测了相同数量的疾病。然而,“LymphoSIGHT技术是、敏感性稍高,并发现了其他克隆....这在将来可能具有临床意义,”她谈到。
    LymphoSIGHT由Sequenta设计,是对免疫细胞计数的一个平台。用于ALL、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)和套细胞淋巴瘤。EHA会议论文还有报道其用于多发性骨髓瘤和滤泡性淋巴瘤的数据。
    实际上,LymphoSIGHT是一个新型的流式细胞仪,但灵敏度和特异性提高。与流式细胞仪不同的是,LymphoSIGHT可以测定免疫细胞的DNA含量,DNA含量具有很强的适应性,使细胞根据需求产生抗体。“这是遗传多样性的引擎,有万亿种不同组合。这些免疫细胞会产生独特的DNA标签,因此可以确定样本中免疫细胞的特点,” Sequenta执行总裁Tom Willis博士说。
   Stock博士介绍了等位基因特异性寡核苷酸实时定量聚合酶链反应分析(ASO-PCR)和LymphoSIGHT的头对头比较结果。
    37例患者中有1例患者,LymphoSIGHT发现了MRD,但ASO-PCR未检测到。这项新技术发现患者诊断时存在2个高频克隆。她解释说:“这些克隆对治疗的反应性不同。我们知道存在着疾病亚克隆,所有白血病可能源自1个或者2个原始突变细胞,但通常在诊断时是一个克隆占优势。”

研究设计
这项研究的受试者均为ALL患者,来自Tntergroup C10403试验,特异性克隆已得到ASO-PCR的确定。采用传统技术和LymphoSIGHT监测这些克隆的MRD。
治疗开始之前和治疗后约1个月采集患者的克隆样品。对LymphoSIGHT和ASO-PCR进行比较,定量的一致性为0.78。Stock博士报告说,虽然LymphoSIGHT 敏感性稍高,“但我们发现,2种技术总体而言检测出相同量的疾病。”

“MRD检测持续阳性的患者,复发风险很高,可能需要额外治疗,”她说。“测量MRD的整体目的是如果患者MRD水平高,则通过改变治疗疗程尽量避免复发。”
1例患者因为ASO-PCR未检测出的治疗耐药克隆的扩增在疾病早期复发(诱导后3个月复发)。

LymphoSIGHT发现了诊断时存在2个对治疗无应答的高频克隆。这表明ASO-PCR技术可能给我们一种假象,那就是表面上患者恢复良好,而实际上患者已经处于早期复发阶段。Stock博士解释说:“我们不能证明哪一个克隆起了作用”。复发可能是由于耐药克隆所致,但这并未明确证实。
LymphoSIGHT技术可以更深入分析,并找到更少量的克隆,但Stock博士解释说,重要的是要证明它的临床意义有多大。“也许这些微小克隆不会造成疾病,但也有可能导致疾病。我们需要更多的数据来证实它是不是一个更好的技术。”
同行评论:确定具有复发风险的患者
意大利Bergamo Azienda 医院血液和骨髓移植科Alessandro Rambaldi主任医师在他的实验室采用实时定量PCR分析。他目前开始使用LymphoSIGHT,并表示他愿意利用他所在机构数据库的临床和分子生物学数据与该试验的研究者进行协作。“LymphoSIGHT需要经前瞻性验证的临床数据进行确证,以探讨其临床应用价值,”他解释说。
“LymphoSIGHT看起来很有应用前景,但目前我不能确定它的灵敏度是否可以像我们现在使用的实时定量PCR一样检测到微量的白血病细胞,”他说。“这项技术是很吸引人的,它更快速、可重复,但需要更多的临床和实验室数据进行验证。”
旧金山加州大学副教授Aaron Logan博士指出,这项新技术使我们能够比标准技术更早地确定有复发风险的淋巴组织恶性肿瘤患者。这是很重要的,因为如果我们可以预测复发,就更成功治疗患者的可能性就增加。
美国加州斯坦福大学骨髓移植副教授David Miklos医师指出,有了LymphoSIGHT平台之后,就没有必要为每一个病人建立独特的检测方法。“这是该系统的真正优势。此外,流式细胞术昂贵且费力,该平台是基于生物信息学的。此外,因为它仅受限于技术的可及性,成本降低,”他说。
“这是未来的发展方向。现有的问题是我们要用多长时间验证并应用这项技术,”他解释说。
Miklos博士简要介绍了他的研究团队对2005年签署了知情同意的CLL患者(Leukemia. 2013年2月19日在线发表)冻存血液样本的一项研究。这些患者的临床结局目前是明确的。“我们使用LymphoSIGHT检测这些样品,然后分析该方法的临床实用性。”
这项研究纳入42例CLL患者,收集样本用于异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HCT)3年后的前瞻性研究。使用LymphoSIGHT技术,该研究小组测定了一个克隆中癌细胞的相对数量,测定了400个样本中的克隆。然后,他们将这些结果与allo-HCT4年后的临床结果进行关联分析。“移植一年后,如果有任何可检测的CLL克隆,那么患者会复发,这为我们提供了抢先预防复发的方法”。他指出,这些发现表明,MRD对于患者是否适合接受移植提供了信息。
Stock博士、Rambaldi博士、Miklos博士和Logan博士宣告没有相关财务关系。

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    2013-07-03 膀胱癌
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    2013-07-03 yaanren
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    2013-07-03 qjddjq