薛卫成教授:临床如何预防和减少结直肠癌复发风险?

2018-05-27 佚名 ioncology

临床接近一半结直肠癌患者会面临复发转移的风险,严重威胁患者的生存,也是临床医生所面临的一大棘手问题。那么如何才能尽可能地预防和减少结直肠癌的复发风险呢?

临床接近一半结直肠癌患者会面临复发转移的风险,严重威胁患者的生存,也是临床医生所面临的一大棘手问题。那么如何才能尽可能地预防和减少结直肠癌的复发风险呢?

哪些生物标志物可用于预测结直肠癌复发?

癌胚抗原(CEA)是目前临床上最常用的结直肠癌生物标志物,它的升高预示了结直肠癌的复发或者转移。然而在精准医疗时代,单纯的CEA检测还不够敏感,我们需要发掘更多高效的生物标志物来筛选高危患者以实现早诊早治。过去十余年,我们将研究重点放在肿瘤本身的病理特征上,检测内容包括:1、肿瘤出芽,提示肿瘤具有较高的浸润和转移风险;2、肿瘤分子分型,如KRAS,BRAF基因突变检测、MSI或MMR蛋白检测,均可用于指导临床治疗和评估预后;3、肿瘤标本环周切缘状态,可提示手术质量和术后复发风险。

值得注意的是,在诊治过程中,除了评估肿瘤本身存在的高危复发因素外,规范化治疗也很重要。目前,卫计委和CSCO都在极力推进我国结直肠癌诊疗规范化,希望通过将规范化治疗落到实处,真正提高我国结直肠癌的诊治水平,拉近与西方国家的整体差距。

肿瘤沉积对于结直肠癌分期和预测复发的作用如何?

从AJCC第七版肿瘤分期开始,就将肿瘤沉积(Tumor Deposit,TD)列为重要的病理评估指标。对于TD的来源,学术界仍存在争议,有人认为是一类种植性转移,也有专家认为是癌栓表现形式,又或者视为是淋巴结被破坏后的状态。然而所有专家都认为TD是肿瘤预后不良的指标,并将此类患者由既往的II期上升为III期患者。关于TD评估,目前还存在的另一些争议包括:如何界定它的危害程度?TD是否可以等价于转移淋巴结?TD数量多少是否与预后相关?这些都需要我们在实践中继续探索。

如何管理结直肠癌复发风险?

结直肠癌复发风险的管理需要由目前的粗放形式转变为更精准的模式,要求我们首先对患者有一个较好的复发风险评估,并据此对患者进行分级管理,给予不同分级患者相应的治疗和随访策略。由此,患者既能得到个体化治疗,也能增强治疗依从性。

如何认识高级上皮内瘤变?

之所以提出高级上皮内瘤变这一病理概念,就是为了能够减少在结直肠癌治疗过程中的过度医疗。早期患者因病变并未侵入粘膜下层,转移风险很小,无需接受更进一步的根治术;而一旦病灶侵入粘膜下层,则肿瘤浸润深度、脉管浸润和组织学分化就成为重要的预后因素。高级上皮内瘤变的评估,应该尽量建立在完整病变标本的评估上,而非单纯的活检标本。因为肠镜活检标本很可能仅仅取自浸润癌的一部分,标本并不完整,仅通过是否有粘膜肌层破坏来判定高级别上皮内瘤变是否存在并不准确,还存在很大风险。

新辅助治疗后标本退缩情况如何评估?

对于结直肠癌患者新辅助治疗后的病理标本进行退缩评估时,目前存在几个不同的分级系统。对于原发灶,常采用AJCC推荐的4级分类法,而对于转移灶则可以采用3级或5级分类法。每一种方法都有其存在的临床依据和现实意义,然而这种多种分类法并存的现状一定程度上也给临床诊疗带来了诸多不便。相信在今后的实践中,会逐步统一评估方式,形成能同时适用于原发灶和转移灶的退缩分级标准。

MDT未来发展方向如何?

MDT是临床医生非常看好且具有积极意义的诊疗模式,目前MDT的主要困难在于需要多团队协作,动用比较多的医疗资源,然而临床医生的工作时间和精力是有限的。从现实角度出发,我们需要明确哪些患者、哪些治疗阶段,MDT是必须介入的,而不是盲目地将MDT用于所有的医疗环节,从而使有限的医疗资源的运用得到最大化。在今后的肿瘤治疗中,MDT理念一定会贯穿诊疗始终,为患者提供更加优质的医疗服务。

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    2018-05-27 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    预防重于治疗.

    0

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    2018-05-27 易水河

    学习学习吧!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1905501, encodeId=3bcb1905501e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0eb34259ea1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复发风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42597, encryptionId=0eb34259ea1, topicName=复发风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Sat Nov 17 14:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1453120, encodeId=6e821453120e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=098ee8679ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结直肠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78679, encryptionId=098ee8679ad, topicName=结直肠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9ace5575596, createdName=crystal0564, createdTime=Tue May 29 01:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319110, encodeId=8238319110ca, content=预防重于治疗., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun May 27 16:39:46 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319104, encodeId=e51b31910464, content=学习学习吧!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sun May 27 16:27:32 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319072, encodeId=77163190e2d6, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Sun May 27 14:31:30 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319070, encodeId=7c573190e095, content=谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKrxzVuKWm8d34VdNGyVr1iampV9wMjh4cS7LapkP4nfiaHqibPcju0ZhQqnurr2wXribjiaRZQ4x8OiaQw/132, createdBy=462d2336119, createdName=王芳芳364, createdTime=Sun May 27 14:16:30 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319041, encodeId=f6c931904139, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Sun May 27 11:57:58 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-27 青山颖钰

    学习了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1905501, encodeId=3bcb1905501e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0eb34259ea1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复发风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42597, encryptionId=0eb34259ea1, topicName=复发风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Sat Nov 17 14:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1453120, encodeId=6e821453120e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=098ee8679ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结直肠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78679, encryptionId=098ee8679ad, topicName=结直肠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9ace5575596, createdName=crystal0564, createdTime=Tue May 29 01:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319110, encodeId=8238319110ca, content=预防重于治疗., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun May 27 16:39:46 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319104, encodeId=e51b31910464, content=学习学习吧!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sun May 27 16:27:32 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319072, encodeId=77163190e2d6, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Sun May 27 14:31:30 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319070, encodeId=7c573190e095, content=谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKrxzVuKWm8d34VdNGyVr1iampV9wMjh4cS7LapkP4nfiaHqibPcju0ZhQqnurr2wXribjiaRZQ4x8OiaQw/132, createdBy=462d2336119, createdName=王芳芳364, createdTime=Sun May 27 14:16:30 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319041, encodeId=f6c931904139, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Sun May 27 11:57:58 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-27 王芳芳364

    谢谢

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1905501, encodeId=3bcb1905501e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0eb34259ea1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#复发风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42597, encryptionId=0eb34259ea1, topicName=复发风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca20190, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Sat Nov 17 14:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1453120, encodeId=6e821453120e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=098ee8679ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#结直肠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78679, encryptionId=098ee8679ad, topicName=结直肠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9ace5575596, createdName=crystal0564, createdTime=Tue May 29 01:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319110, encodeId=8238319110ca, content=预防重于治疗., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun May 27 16:39:46 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319104, encodeId=e51b31910464, content=学习学习吧!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sun May 27 16:27:32 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319072, encodeId=77163190e2d6, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/18/9fba4e8a3782366829a5645367fdb658.jpg, createdBy=b5732293938, createdName=青山颖钰, createdTime=Sun May 27 14:31:30 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319070, encodeId=7c573190e095, content=谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKrxzVuKWm8d34VdNGyVr1iampV9wMjh4cS7LapkP4nfiaHqibPcju0ZhQqnurr2wXribjiaRZQ4x8OiaQw/132, createdBy=462d2336119, createdName=王芳芳364, createdTime=Sun May 27 14:16:30 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=319041, encodeId=f6c931904139, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Sun May 27 11:57:58 CST 2018, time=2018-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-27 yfjms

    学习

    0

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