盘点:欧洲泌尿外科学《European Urology》期刊七月文章一览

2017-08-01 fengxiangxin MedSci原创

因为抗生素治疗的副作用以及抗生素耐药风险的存在,无症状性菌尿往往无需抗菌治疗。但是,凡事有利弊,研究者为了弄清楚无症状性菌尿抗菌治疗的利弊进行了系统的回顾分析。最后得出结论:对大多数人来说,抗菌治疗是无益的,并且可能是有害的。但是,对于无症状性菌尿的孕妇和那些即将接受泌尿外科手术的妇女抗生素治疗似乎是有利的。

1、睾丸肿瘤(SGCT和NSGCT)的最优管理策略


对于临床阶段的睾丸精原细胞性生殖细胞肿瘤 (SGCT) 和睾丸非精原细胞性生殖细胞肿瘤  (NSGCT) 的最优管理策略尚存在争议。研究者针对辅助治疗和临床观察两种方案孰优孰劣展开了调查。随着治疗的进展,SCGT所需的辅助治疗呈明显减少的趋势,但是NSGCT所需的辅助治疗没有明显改变。然而,当报道≥95%的五年总生存率时,辅助治疗对于两种组织学类型肿瘤均没有任何明显的益处。

2、前列腺健康指数增加了多参数MRI在重复活检人群中检测前列腺癌的预测价值


美国国家综合癌症网络指南(NCCNG)提供了多重反射测试选项辅助做出是否需要重复前列腺活检的决定,包括标记物和多参数磁共振成像(mpMRI)。Gnanapragasam等人的前瞻性研究表明:当需要持续检测高级别前列腺癌(PCa)时,前列腺健康指数(PHI)和mpMRI相结合可以避免不必要的重复活检。

3、转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者循环肿瘤细胞中AR-V7 mRNA检测临床意义


Antonarakis对去势抗性前列腺癌 (CRPC)中雄激素受体剪接变异体(AR-V7)的研究提供了额外的重要数据。他们通过扩展之前的研究工作,证实了在CRPC病人中,循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)检测以及基于CTC的AR-V7 mRNA的检测与不良预后影响之间的关系。并指出,评估这些生物标记物可能有助于预测患者对治疗的反应。根据他们的数据,他们建议治疗策略应从目前的临床实践转向基于生物标志物的治疗决定。

4、丝裂霉素C即刻膀胱灌注治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的价值。


膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)后立即行单次化疗药滴注治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的(NMIBC)的疗效仍存在争议。对于术后即刻灌注后的辅助灌注,其疗效证据更是稀缺。为了比较NMIBC患者TURBT术后24 h内丝裂霉素C(MMC)灌注和术后2周行灌注(带或者不带辅助灌注)的疗效。研究者进行了一项包含2243例患者的前瞻性多中心随机对照研究。最后得出结论:独立于辅助灌注,术后即刻单次灌注能够明显减少NMIBC患者的复发风险。

5、氯化镭-223治疗有骨转移症状的去势抵抗性前列腺癌


在Alpharadin治疗有症状的前列腺癌(alsympca)试验中,与安慰剂相比,镭-223延长了有骨转移症状的去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者的总生存率,并且具有良好的安全性。研究者通过长期监测,并进行了临床3期随机Alpharadin试验。最后研究者对镭223的综合安全性和风险/效益作出了评估:三年的监测显示,镭-223保持了良好的耐受性,并且骨髓抑制发生率低以及与安慰剂相比有较少的不良事件。同时,本次研究没有新的安全问题被发现。

6、前列腺癌特异性死亡率与休闲性体力活动之间的关系分析


为了探讨癌症与休闲性体力活动(PA)(包括诊断之前和诊断之后)与前列腺癌特异性死亡率(PCSM)、总体死亡率以及肿瘤风险类别相关死亡率之间的关系。研究者开展了大型前瞻性队列研究,评估了休闲性体力活动(PA),包括最常见的散步,与前列腺癌特异性死亡率(PCSM)之间的关系。研究包括诊断前(n = 7328)和/或诊断后(n = 5319)的PA分析。
诊断之前,休闲PA≥17.5MET-h/wk,相比休闲PA为3.5-<8.75 MET-h/wk,PCSM风险显著降低达37%(风险比:0.63;95%置信区间:0.43-0.91,P = 0.03)。在行走类休闲PA中看到了类似的结果。在诊断之后,同样的比较条件(≥17.5 vs 3.5<8.75  MET-h/wk)与 31%的总体PCSM风险降低相关(风险比:0.69;95%置信区间:0.49-0.95;P=0.006),并且没有肿瘤风险类别差异。然而,诊断后的步行活动暗示了与PCSM成反比关系。

这些结果是观察性的,并不能推广到转移性前列腺癌患者中。同时,这项发现为前列腺癌患者积极关注PA相关推荐指导的有利性提供了更多的证据,并支持了以前列腺癌进展或死亡率作为结果的前列腺癌幸存者的运动临床试验。

7、中 - 高风险前列腺癌的最佳疗法


在本月的《欧洲泌尿外科》期刊上,Johnson等人[ 1 ]报告相比雄激素抑制(AS)和外放射治疗(EBRT)(AS+EBRT),雄激素抑制(AS)和外放射治疗(EBRT)(AS+EBRT)联合低剂量率近距离放疗可以改善男性不利前列腺癌(中-高风险)的总生存率(OS)。他们使用的数据来自国家癌症数据库(2004-2012期间),总共确定了25038例患者,其中18%的患者接受了LDR近距离放疗,另外82%的患者接受了剂量逐渐增加的EBRT(剂量范围内,75.6-86.4 戈瑞Gy)。

8、无症状菌尿:抗菌治疗的利弊和适用情况


因为抗生素治疗的副作用以及抗生素耐药风险的存在,无症状性菌尿往往无需抗菌治疗。但是,凡事有利弊,研究者为了弄清楚无症状性菌尿抗菌治疗的利弊进行了系统的回顾分析。最后得出结论:对大多数人来说,抗菌治疗是无益的,并且可能是有害的。但是,对于无症状性菌尿的孕妇和那些即将接受泌尿外科手术的妇女抗生素治疗似乎是有利的。

9、局限性前列腺癌初次治疗后生存质量的系统评价


对临床局限性前列腺癌目前循证管理包括主动监测、手术、外放射治疗(EBRT)和近距离放疗。不同的治疗方式对生活质量(QOL)的影响是不确定的。据此,研究者通过系统回顾以往的研究,评价了肿瘤特异性的患者报告的生活质量结果。在初次治疗后至少随访一年。

在随访的6年中,发现主动监测对肿瘤特异性生活质量的影响最低;相比主动监测和ERBT,手术对排尿功能和性功能有负面影响;相比主动监测和外科手术,EBRT对肠道功能有负面影响。一个较小规模的RCT数据报道:近距离放疗一年后,排尿功能受到负面影响,但在5年后无明显尿毒性被报道。

因此,强有力的证据表明,局部前列腺癌的首选治疗对患者日后的生活质量有明显的影响。

10、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂与卡博替尼或PD-1抑制剂nivolumab结合治疗对转移性肾细胞癌患者的生存率的影响


转移性肾细胞癌的一线治疗仍然包括小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI),如舒尼替尼和帕唑帕尼。他们主要针对血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)发挥作用。

最近有研究表明,相比依维莫司,两种药物可以提高二线治疗的生存率:他们分别是卡博替尼,一种针对VEGFR和其他包括MET、RET和Axl通路发挥作用的靶向多激酶抑制剂和PD-1抑制剂nivolumab。

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    2018-02-24 feather89
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    2017-08-01 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢。

    0

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    2017-08-01 游手好闲

    学习了

    0

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    2017-08-01 fengxiangxin301

    感谢分享

    0

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