肝癌治疗新进展:仑伐替尼+K药有望登顶肝细胞癌一线治疗

2019-08-09 佚名 肝胆柳叶刀

前言今年7月23日,Merck和Eisai收到美国FDA关于KEYTRUDA? (pembrolizumab) +LENVIMA? (lenvatinib)联合使用的第三个突破性疗法(Breakthrough Therapy Designation BTD)认证。这一突破性疗法授予的指征是仑伐替尼+K药用于一线治疗晚期不能手术的肝细胞癌患者。这一突破性疗法授予是基于1b期临床试验KEYNOTE-5

前言

今年7月23日,Merck和Eisai收到美国FDA关于KEYTRUDA? (pembrolizumab) +LENVIMA? (lenvatinib)联合使用的第三个突破性疗法(Breakthrough Therapy Designation BTD)认证。这一突破性疗法授予的指征是仑伐替尼+K药用于一线治疗晚期不能手术的肝细胞癌患者。这一突破性疗法授予是基于1b期临床试验KEYNOTE-524/Study 116的中期结果,其结果在2019年4月在美国癌症年会(the American Association for Cancer Research AACR)上曾发布。

之前的两个突破性疗法分别是仑伐替尼+K药用于晚期治疗晚期肾癌和晚期子宫内膜癌。这个突破性疗法的授予,是对于仑伐替尼+K药联合使用疗效和安全性上的肯定,同时也是对晚期肝癌这一生存时间非常短的指征选择上的肯定。需要注意的是,仑伐替尼+K药联合使用一线治疗肝细胞癌尚未得到美国FDA的最终批准,后续临床试验正在进行中。

揭开面纱,KEYNOTE-524/Study 1b期临床试验的疗效和安全性如何?

图1是临床试验的设计,入组共30例患者,男性患者(n=25),大部分为亚洲患者(n=23),为晚期不可切除的HCC患者,要求患者的BCLC分级为B(不适合TACE治疗)或C级,Child-Pugh分类为A类,ECOG PS 0~1分。入组的患者接受乐伐替尼12mg(体重≥60kg)或8mg(体重<60kg)口服,每天1次;联合帕博利珠单抗200mg,静脉用药,每3周1次。

下面的图1为临床试验的有效性和安全性,数据相当亮眼。研究者和独立第三方影像学评估结果:CR分别为3.3%和10%,ORR分别为36.7%和50%,DCR分别为96.7%和93.3%。中位PFS(无进展生存期)为9.7个月,6个月生存率和12个月生存率分别为83.3%和59.8%。

通俗讲,就是30个晚期肝细胞癌患者中,联合使用仑伐替尼+K药,按照不同的两组专家评估,肿瘤完全消失的患者人数分别为1人(3.3%)和3人(10%),肿瘤缩小30%以上的人数分别为11人(36.7%)和15人(50%),肿瘤完全控制住的患者分别为29人(96.7%)和28人(93.3%)。



图1 1b期临床试验的安全性和有效性(图由作者整理)

对于晚期肝癌患者来说,这样的结果是非常令人振奋的。相信未来随着临床试验的数据不断更新,会对两者药物联合使用安全性和有效性会有更深入的认识,这将会是所有肝细胞癌患者的福音。

什么是肝细胞癌?

肝细胞癌是肝脏中最常见的恶性肿瘤,约为原发性肝癌的90%,5年生存率仅为18%,肿瘤的分期决定了治疗方案的选择。根治性方案有手术肝肿瘤切除或肝移植,通常能采用这类方案的多为相对早期的患者。不能手术切除的肝细胞癌预后很差,中位生存时间不超过1年。不幸的是,60-70%的患者在发现肿瘤时已失去手术、射频或肝移植机会,对于这些患者,能选择的治疗手段会非常有限。

药物简介

仑伐替尼(LENVIMA? lenvatinib),由日本卫材(Eisai)公司生产的,多激酶抑制剂,主要抑制的靶点为VEGFR 1-3, FGFR 1-4, PDGFRα, RET, and KIT。在三期临床试验Reflect中,总体生存率相对于索拉非尼为确认性非劣性,简单来说就是不比索拉非尼差,实际上在ORR数据上的优势是非常明显的,OS的数据比索拉非尼稍好。

Pembrolizumab(KEYTRUDA? pembrolizumab) ,俗称K药,是抗pd-1的单克隆抗体,由Merck生产,目前已批准用于肝细胞癌的二线治疗。

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1978876, encodeId=b36119e8876a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b90e79787f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77978, encryptionId=3b90e79787f, topicName=细胞癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e457184, createdName=qingting, createdTime=Thu Jun 18 00:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1863446, encodeId=fd83186344616, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c0b68135561' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81355, encryptionId=c0b68135561, topicName=肝细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Wed Jun 03 01:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2037340, encodeId=a9de203e34058, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c19381284ca' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝癌治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81284, encryptionId=c19381284ca, topicName=肝癌治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/WQ1WyMBGic8d2fKdCe6Cm3vaRh4X8YnlumYndC46iagNCBl9Df8RtoCaQchnFtZldHUctGJjsgsyutUlu8vPq6yQ/132, createdBy=97862500016, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Wed Aug 14 20:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618728, encodeId=c2c11618e28f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=89a810615bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#K药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10615, encryptionId=89a810615bb, topicName=K药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ae0619946966, createdName=12498e0fm84暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Aug 11 02:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371055, encodeId=04ce3e105514, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Sat Aug 10 16:05:57 CST 2019, time=2019-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1040216, encodeId=9e35104021663, content=肝癌,接下来就要细分了,对于体质好的病人,能否将PD-1类+抗血管新生+放疗等相结合,甚至有必要用TACE进行减负, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=留走人康, createdTime=Fri Aug 09 14:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-08-10 130****4638

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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    2019-08-09 留走人康

    肝癌,接下来就要细分了,对于体质好的病人,能否将PD-1类+抗血管新生+放疗等相结合,甚至有必要用TACE进行减负

    0

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