Light: Science & Applications:新型内窥镜探针有望实现无创活检

2018-02-13 佚名 新华网

有创活检在癌症等疾病诊断中极为普遍,但往往会给病人带来痛苦。美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学研究人员日前开发出新型内窥镜探针,可直接探查实验动物精细组织和活细胞活动,为未来的无创活检带来可能。


有创活检在癌症等疾病诊断中极为普遍,但往往会给病人带来痛苦。美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学研究人员日前开发出新型内窥镜探针,可直接探查实验动物精细组织和活细胞活动,为未来的无创活检带来可能。

研究人员说,这种新型内窥镜探针能显著提高成像分辨率,可被用于直接观察绵羊、大鼠和小鼠等动物器官中的精细组织结构和细胞活动。未来如果批准临床应用,该技术将有望减少癌症和其他疾病诊断中对有创活检的依赖。研究近期发表在《光:科学与应用》期刊上。

该研究领衔研究者、约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院生物医学工程教授李兴德说:“利用这些工具,我们能够观察到胰腺或肺等器官的内部,为我们提供了一种更快更安全的方法来诊断各种疾病。”

这项名为“双光子显微镜探针”的技术利用了细胞自身发射荧光的能力,而不使用注射染料,避免了用来标记组织的化学物质对人体的损害。

当分子的电子从“激发”状态回落到其正常能量水平时,就会发出荧光。正如荧光笔在紫外灯下发光一样,动物细胞也可发出荧光来提供有关其活动和功能的实时信息。

为使这项技术小型化,研究团队将台式双光子显微镜缩小成只有2毫米直径的探头。他们将两个光脉冲发射到一个分子中使其发出荧光,光线穿过一个起聚焦作用的微型透镜,然后通过与探头连接的柔性光纤缆线,被发送到显示器上。研究人员还加入一个扫描仪以改善器官被光照射到的区域,从而获得三维图像,收集到探针周围组织的更多信息。

李兴德介绍,该技术的主要挑战是将细胞发出的光线收集到同一仪器中。镜头要精心制作,使其不但能聚焦从激光器发出的光,还要同时收集细胞发出的光。光纤缆线也必须定制。

由于该探针可获得人体内活组织的图像,研究人员能够在不使用化学标记的情况下监测细胞代谢活动变化,而这些变化可能正是癌症、中风或心脏疾病的指征。该探头还能监测组织的结构变化,可被应用于预测早产等不适于活检的状况。

原始出处

Wenxuan Liang, et al.Nonlinear optical endomicroscopy for label-free functional histology in vivo.Light: Science & Applications volume 6, page e17082 (2017) doi:10.1038/lsa.2017.82

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    2018-02-15 smlt2008
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    2018-02-15 柳叶一刀
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