Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol:糖尿病患者保护肾脏 可交给卡格列净?

2018-10-20 贾朝娟 环球医学

在许多国家,2型糖尿病是肾衰竭最常见的原因。控制血糖、血压和蛋白尿等危险因素,联合使用肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)抑制剂,是保护肾功能的主要措施。尽管如此,残留风险仍然很高,一些针对肾脏疾病的新型干预措施也被证明无效。

在许多国家,2型糖尿病是肾衰竭最常见的原因。控制血糖、血压和蛋白尿等危险因素,联合使用肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)抑制剂,是保护肾功能的主要措施。尽管如此,残留风险仍然很高,一些针对肾脏疾病的新型干预措施也被证明无效。

尽管钠-葡萄糖共转运体-2(SGLT2)抑制剂对肾功能减退糖尿病患者血糖和体重的影响减弱,但仍可降低2型糖尿病患者的血糖、血压和体重,并改变高滤过性1型糖尿病患者的肾内血流动力学。

在卡格列净血管评估研究(CANVAS)项目中,与安慰剂相比,卡格列净能降低主要不良心血管事件发生率,并且结果显示对心血管事件高风险2型糖尿病患者具有肾脏获益。该研究中,研究者报道了一项预先指定的探索性分析结果,即卡格列净对一系列持续和判定的肾脏结局的长期作用。

CANVAS项目包括两项双盲、随机试验,在心血管事件高风险的2型糖尿病受试者中比较了卡格列净vs安慰剂,这一项目在30个国家的667个中心完成。

受试者纳入标准为,年龄为30岁及以上且HbA1c为7.0~10.5%(53~91 mmol/mol)的2型糖尿病患者,且有症状性动脉粥样硬化血管疾病史;或者年龄为50岁及以上,且至少有2个心血管风险因素。

CANVAS的受试者被随机分配(1:1:1)至接受卡格列净300 mg、卡格列净100 mg或相匹配的安慰剂,每日1次。CANVAS-R的受试者被随机分配(1:1)至接受卡格列净或匹配的安慰剂,初始剂量为每日100 mg,从第13周可选择增加到300 mg或匹配的安慰剂。治疗分配对受试者和所有研究者设盲,直到研究完成。

本文报道了预先设定的结局,包括持续和判定的血清肌酐加倍、终末期肾病或肾脏原因的死亡的复合结局;复合结局的单项;估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)的年度减少;和尿白蛋白-肌酐比(UACR)。

本试验已注册在ClinicalTrials.gov,注册号是NCT01032629(CANVAS)和NCT01989754(CANVAS-R)。

结果显示,2009年11月17日至2011年3月7日(CANVAS)间和2014年1月17日和2015年5月29日(CANVAS-R)期间,筛选了15494名患者,其中10142名受试者(基线平均eGFR 76.5 mL/min/1.73m2,中位UACR是12.3 mg/g,80%接受肾素-血管紧张素系统阻断剂)被随机分配至接受卡格列净或安慰剂。

卡格列净组出现持续血清肌酐加倍、终末期肾病和肾脏原因死亡组成的复合结局的患者数,少于安慰剂组(卡格列净组每1000患者-年1.5 vs安慰剂组每1000患者-年2.8;风险比0.53),结果在预先设定的亚组患者中一致。

同安慰剂相比,卡格列净治疗的受试者的年度eGFR降低速度较慢(两组之间的斜率差值是每年1.2 mL/min/1.73 m2),平均UACR降低18%(95%CI 16~20)。卡格列净组和安慰剂组总的严重肾脏相关不良事件相似(每1000患者-年2.5 vs 3.3;HR 0.76)。

因此,作者认为,在预先设定的探索性分析中,卡格列净治疗与持续肾功能丧失风险降低、eGFR降低减慢、白尿白减少相关。这表明该药对2型糖尿病患者的肾脏具有保护作用。

原始出处:

Perkovic V, et al. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: results from the CANVAS Program randomised clinical trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Sep;6(9):691-704. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30141-4. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

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    2019-06-25 howi
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    2018-10-20 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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    2018-10-20 liumin1987

    嗯嗯,学习学习。

    0

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    2018-10-20 txqjm

    谢谢了,学习

    0

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这6个过度治疗方式,应告诫糖尿病患者

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