Sci Signal:影响T细胞!Science子刊封面,“小车”CAR的奇妙力量

2018-08-23 风铃 生物探索

作为一种“活的”药物,CAR-T疗法与传统药物有着很大的区别。首先,该疗法需要从患者体内分离出T细胞,并在体外利用嵌合抗原受体(CAR)进行修饰,使其能够特异性识别癌细胞,最后再将改造后的T细胞扩增、回输至患者体内。

作为一种“活的”药物,CAR-T疗法与传统药物有着很大的区别。首先,该疗法需要从患者体内分离出T细胞,并在体外利用嵌合抗原受体(CAR)进行修饰,使其能够特异性识别癌细胞,最后再将改造后的T细胞扩增、回输至患者体内。

虽然CAR-T疗法已经在血液癌上表现出巨大的潜力,但是迄今为止,科学家们依然未能彻底解析CAR-T细胞对抗癌症的生物学途径。他们相信,弄清楚这些通路对于研发下一代CAR-T细胞疗法很重要,有望减少副作用、预防复发,以及应用于实体瘤治疗中。

8月21日,《Science Signaling》期刊发表了这一篇以“Phosphoproteomic analysis of chimeric antigen receptor signaling reveals kinetic and quantitative differences that affect cell function”为题的研究。来自于Fred Hutchinson癌症研究中心的科学家们设计了两种不同的CARs,并比较了它们对T细胞的影响差异。他们发现,信号强度是决定T细胞命运的关键因素。

Stanley Riddell表示:“当我们2014年开始这项研究时,我们试图了解CAR-T疗法的生物学原理。”

“小车”



嵌合抗原受体“小车”是一种修饰T细胞的合成受体,位于T细胞表面的部分负责识别癌细胞,而位于T细胞内的部分由不同的部分组成,其中包括T细胞信号单元——共刺激结构域(a costimulatory domain)。

在最新的研究中,Stanley Riddell带领团队比较由两种最常用的共刺激结构域构成的不同CARs——CD28、4-1BB的区别。具体而言,他们分析了这两种不同“小车”驱动T细胞、影响T细胞行为以及对抗人类癌细胞有效性的细节。

他们发现,两种类型的CARs都启动了相同的信号通路,但是信号时间、强度各不相同:

1) CD28表现出更快、更强的信号活动,而4-1BB则相对更慢、更温和。随后,研究人员以患有淋巴瘤的小鼠为模型证实,修饰有4-1BB的T细胞在清除癌细胞上效率更高。

2) T细胞中一种信号蛋白Lck会调控CD28 CAR-T小标的信号强度。这意味着,科学家们可以通过操纵这一蛋白来控制CD28的反应。

3) 4-1BB CAR-T细胞会表达更多与T细胞记忆相关的基因。这表明,4-1BB CAR信号可能有助于延长T细胞寿命并维持其抗癌作用。


与信号强度较低的CAR-T细胞(中间一列)相比,信号强度较强的CAR-T细胞(右列,红色)对小鼠淋巴瘤细胞的作用较弱。(图片来源:A.I. Salter et al., Science Signaling)

研究意义

Alex Salter表示:“人们对于T细胞靶向癌细胞很感兴趣,但是对于CARs对T细胞的指示却知之甚少。我们希望弄清楚CARs是如何向T细胞传递指令的。”

“结果表明,不同的CAR有不同的用途。CD28更快、更强的反应可能对某些癌有力,而反应较慢却更持久的4-1BB则可能对其他癌症有效。” Alex Salter解释道。

通过质谱分析方法,研究团队对T细胞信号传导中所涉及的蛋白质进行了全面的分析。“我们希望借此开发一套针对T细胞信号传导中磷酸化蛋白的靶向检测,从而推进免疫治疗的发展,为患者开发出更有效的CAR-T细胞疗法。” Stanley Riddell表示道。

研究人员强调,他们的发现并不意味着某一种CAR相比于其他更好,但是却可以解释为什么一些患者无法受益于对其他患者有效的CAR-T疗法,为什么一些患者会表现出严重的副作用,为什么一些患者会在治疗之后癌症复发……

下一步,Fred Hutch团队将继续探索如何设计下一代“小车”。

原始出处;

Alexander I. Salter, Richard G. Ivey, Jacob J. Kennedy, et.al. Phosphoproteomic analysis of chimeric antigen receptor signaling reveals kinetic and quantitative differences that affect cell function. Sci. Signal.  21 Aug 2018

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    2019-07-28 yaanren
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    2019-02-28 楚秀娟
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    2018-09-02 wxl882001

    学习一下

    0

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    2018-08-25 jichang
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794009, encodeId=924d1e94009b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b3d1630617' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Signal#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16306, encryptionId=7b3d1630617, topicName=Signal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=102a153, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Sun Jul 28 12:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2036189, encodeId=28202036189de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ae7816304dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Sign#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16304, encryptionId=ae7816304dc, topicName=Sign)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e9ed371, createdName=楚秀娟, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 12:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=342294, encodeId=282334229433, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Sep 02 13:27:43 CST 2018, time=2018-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375853, encodeId=180a13e5853c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Aug 25 04:30:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340379, encodeId=e0653403e912, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Aug 23 14:59:32 CST 2018, time=2018-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340370, encodeId=17bc3403e0ca, content=嗯嗯,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/16/3b24606172648eea459125cb74754afe.jpg, createdBy=6c022216608, createdName=liumin1987, createdTime=Thu Aug 23 14:19:51 CST 2018, time=2018-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340365, encodeId=38f134036510, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Thu Aug 23 13:48:30 CST 2018, time=2018-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-23 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2018-08-23 liumin1987

    嗯嗯,学习了。

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794009, encodeId=924d1e94009b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b3d1630617' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Signal#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16306, encryptionId=7b3d1630617, topicName=Signal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=102a153, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Sun Jul 28 12:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2036189, encodeId=28202036189de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ae7816304dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Sign#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16304, encryptionId=ae7816304dc, topicName=Sign)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e9ed371, createdName=楚秀娟, createdTime=Thu Feb 28 12:30:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=342294, encodeId=282334229433, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Sun Sep 02 13:27:43 CST 2018, time=2018-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375853, encodeId=180a13e5853c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sat Aug 25 04:30:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340379, encodeId=e0653403e912, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Aug 23 14:59:32 CST 2018, time=2018-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340370, encodeId=17bc3403e0ca, content=嗯嗯,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/16/3b24606172648eea459125cb74754afe.jpg, createdBy=6c022216608, createdName=liumin1987, createdTime=Thu Aug 23 14:19:51 CST 2018, time=2018-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340365, encodeId=38f134036510, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Thu Aug 23 13:48:30 CST 2018, time=2018-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-23 orangesking

    0

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