Curr Biol:分散注意力可有效缓解疼痛感

2012-05-19 T.Shen 生物谷

近日,刊登在国际著名杂志Cell的子刊Current Biology上的一篇研究报告指出,利用心理干扰(分心)的方法可以使得疼痛减轻,然而这种疼痛缓解减轻的效应并不表现在头部。这项研究发现是基于使用高分辨率的骨髓机能性磁共振成像技术(fMRI技术),对人们由于高温引起的疼痛水平进行研究,研究揭示,心理干扰确实可以在中枢疼痛处理早期抑制疼痛信号的传入。来自汉堡-埃彭多夫大学医学院的研究者Christ

近日,刊登在国际著名杂志Cell的子刊Current Biology上的一篇研究报告指出,利用心理干扰(分心)的方法可以使得疼痛减轻,然而这种疼痛缓解减轻的效应并不表现在头部。这项研究发现是基于使用高分辨率的骨髓机能性磁共振成像技术(fMRI技术),对人们由于高温引起的疼痛水平进行研究,研究揭示,心理干扰确实可以在中枢疼痛处理早期抑制疼痛信号的传入。来自汉堡-埃彭多夫大学医学院的研究者Christian Sprenger表示,这种现象并不仅仅是一种心理现象,而是一种活跃的神经机制,可以降低从脊髓上升至大脑高级区域的疼痛信号。

这种效应涉及到了内源性的阿片类物质,这种物质产生自大脑,在减轻疼痛的过程中扮演着重要角色。研究人员让参与者分别完成一个简单或者一个较难的记忆性任务,需要他们记住信件的文字内容,同时给参与者胳膊上施以高温。进行较难任务的参与者变得心烦意乱时,他们会感到较小的疼痛,通过fMRI技术反映出这些参与者的脊髓区域活性变得比较低,fMRI通常是用来测定大脑活性的改变。

Sprenger和他的同事然后重复了实验,这次他们给予参与者一种药物-钠洛酮(抗休克的理想药物,可以阻挡阿片类药物的效应)或者普通的盐水注入,结果显示,相比只注入普通盐水的参与者,使用阿片类药物拮抗剂的参与者由于注意力分散,引起的疼痛缓解降低了40%,因此表明内源性的阿片扮演着重要作用。

研究者的发现揭示了心理过程可以深入地改变人们的疼痛经历,并且对于临床也有极其重要的意义。研究者表示,我们的研究发现给疼痛疾病治疗提供了认知行为治疗的方法。(生物谷:T.Shen编译)

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.006
PMC:
PMID:

Attention Modulates Spinal Cord Responses to Pain

Christian Sprenger1, , , Falk Eippert1, Jürgen Finsterbusch1, Ulrike Bingel1, 2, Michael Rose1, Christian Büchel1

Reduced pain perception while being distracted from pain is an everyday example of how cognitive processes can interfere with pain perception [ [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5]]. Previous neuroimaging studies showed distraction-related modulations of pain-driven activations in various cortical and subcortical brain regions [ [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] and [11]], but the precise neuronal mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human cervical spinal cord in combination with thermal pain stimulation and a well-established working memory task [12], we demonstrate that this phenomenon relies on an inhibition of incoming pain signals in the spinal cord. Neuronal responses to painful stimulation in the dorsal horn of the corresponding spinal segment were significantly reduced under high working memory load compared to low working memory load. At the individual level, reductions of neuronal responses in the spinal cord predicted behavioral pain reductions. In a subsequent behavioral experiment, using the opioid antagonist naloxone in a double-blind crossover design with the same paradigm, we demonstrate a substantial contribution of endogenous opioids to this mechanism. Taken together, our results show that the reduced pain experience during mental distraction is related to a spinal process and involves opioid neurotransmission.

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    2012-11-25 sunylz
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