Oncogene:科学家找到治疗眼癌新方法 可有效抑制眼肿瘤细胞生长和扩散

2018-12-04 赵熙熙 中国科学报

美国科学家日前对患有眼癌的儿童进行了研究,通过比较儿童的基因序列,他们发现了新的证据,表明细胞中的多米诺骨牌效应是导致癌症扩散的原因。研究人员利用实验成功地在斑马鱼和人类细胞中找到事件链的阻断部分,从而让眼肿瘤细胞停止生长和扩散。

美国科学家日前对患有眼癌的儿童进行了研究,通过比较儿童的基因序列,他们发现了新的证据,表明细胞中的多米诺骨牌效应是导致癌症扩散的原因。研究人员利用实验成功地在斑马鱼和人类细胞中找到事件链的阻断部分,从而让眼肿瘤细胞停止生长和扩散。

研究人员表示,这项新发现使治疗儿童最常见眼癌视网膜母细胞瘤变得前景喜人。世界卫生组织的数据显示,这种癌症估计每年影响7000~8000人,全球每年死于该病的儿童数量多达4000人。

研究人员在11月出版的《致癌基因》杂志上报告了这一研究成果。

约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院病理学系研究助理教授Laura Asnaghi表示:“目前,扩散性视网膜母细胞瘤缺乏有效的治疗方法,但是如果在肿瘤扩散之前能及时发现,科学家就有机会治疗这种致命癌症。因此,我们研究了肿瘤侵袭的原因,这可以帮助我们开发靶向治疗以防止这种侵袭。”

为了揭示肿瘤扩散相关的一系列分子作用,该校研究人员首先分析了10名不同患者的组织,其中5人患有侵袭性肿瘤,5人患有非侵袭性肿瘤。他们比较了这两组肿瘤的核糖核酸(RNA)谱,发现与非侵袭性细胞相比,在侵袭性视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中,编码激活素A受体1C型(ACVR1C)的基因的RNA水平增加了2到3倍。

这一发现非常重要,因为目前医学界已知激活素受体基因在其他癌症中的作用,包括胆囊癌和乳腺癌。研究人员认为,激活素受体可能是抑制视网膜母细胞瘤扩散和生长的关键靶点。

通常而言,当激活素受体检测到生长信号后就会触发细胞生长和分裂。研究人员使用一种名为SB505124的药物处理细胞,阻断活化素受体检测其他生长信号,进而观察会发生什么。他们将药物和细胞放在过滤器上,通过观察过滤器的细胞数量测量侵袭情况。结果显示,用药物处理后的视网膜母细胞瘤细胞在生长、增殖和侵袭方面的抑制程度达到60%至80%。

在确认了激活素受体在扩散型视网膜母细胞瘤细胞中的作用后,研究人员希望进一步了解其是否适用于活体动物。他们接下来在斑马鱼胚胎中进行了试验,因为其胚胎尚未完全发育出免疫系统,并且不会排斥移植其中的其他类型细胞。在试验中,人视网膜母细胞瘤细胞被注射到两天大的斑马鱼眼中,随后在接下来的4~6天内测量眼肿瘤的直径,监测癌细胞的生长和扩散。

之后,相同的药物SB505124被用来抑制斑马鱼眼睛的激活素。研究人员表示,与未注射该药物的斑马鱼眼相比,用药后的眼部肿瘤直径减小了55%。Asnaghi说,总体而言,实验显示阻断激活素受体可以有效抑制侵袭性视网膜母细胞瘤细胞在体内的生长和扩散。

Asnaghi表示:“我们希望这项研究结果为视网膜母细胞瘤提供新的治疗方法,在美国和全世界范围内为更多受视网膜母细胞瘤影响的儿童提供视力保护并改善预后状况。但目前我们只能持有谨慎乐观态度,还需要更多研究才能安全地为患者开发或测试相关疗法。”

原始出处:

Laura Asnaghi, David T. White, Nolan Key, et.al. ACVR1C/SMAD2 signaling promotes invasion and growth inretinoblastoma. Oncogene 06 November 2018

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    2018-12-06 zsyan
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    2018-12-04 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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