Nature:发现惊人机制:让免疫系统找到癌症干细胞

2019-07-20 佚名 生物通

白血病干细胞能通过抑制杀伤细胞的靶分子来保护自身免受免疫细胞的攻击。这种保护机制可以被药物“欺骗”。

白血病干细胞能通过抑制杀伤细胞的靶分子来保护自身免受免疫细胞的攻击。这种保护机制可以被药物“欺骗”。

在最新一期Nature杂志上,来自巴塞尔大学等多处的科学家报道了从这些研究发现中得出的新治疗方法。

急性髓性白血病(AML)患者在成功治疗后经常会复发。在治疗中存活的白血病干细胞是疾病复发的原因。科学家对此的解释是:干细胞具有保护机制,使其对化疗产生抗性。但是它们是如何摆脱免疫防御的呢?

来自巴塞尔大学和蒂宾根大学,德国癌症研究中心(DKFZ)和德国癌症联盟(DKTK)等处的科学家深入分析了这一现象,发现了一个惊人的机制。

研究人员分析了175名AML患者的白血病细胞,发现癌症干细胞可以抑制其表面的NKG2D-L蛋白。这些蛋白质是自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)识别受损和感染细胞以及癌细胞的依据,从而在必要时杀死它们。通过这种方式,白血病干细胞逃避了免疫系统的攻击。另一方面,没有干细胞特性的白血病细胞在其表面上呈递这些靶分子,因此逃脱了NK细胞的检查。

在注入了患者AML细胞的小鼠中,研究人员发现虽然正常的AML细胞(没有干细胞特性)受NK细胞控制,但NKG2D-L阴性白血病干细胞能逃过“杀手小队”。

文章作者,巴塞尔大学Claudia Lengerke说:“干细胞特性与逃避免疫系统的能力之间的这种联系到现在还不得而知。白血病干细胞中这种免疫抗性的一个重要机制显然是与抑制细胞表面的NKG2D-L等危险信号有关。”

这种惊人的保护机制背后是什么?

研究人员注意到白血病干细胞产生了特别多的PARP1,这种酶显然可以阻止NKG2D-L的产生。小鼠临床前实验表明,PARP1实际上在免疫逃逸中发挥重要作用:如果这些动物用抑制PARP1的药物治疗,白血病干细胞再次在其表面表达NKG2D-L,然后由NK细胞识别和消除。

目前,癌症免疫疗法已经在某些疾病情况下以AML患者的同种异体干细胞移植的形式成功应用多年。近年来,科学家门开发了进一步的新型免疫治疗方法,目前正在临床上进行测试。

“我们的结果显示了癌症干细胞如何巧妙地欺骗免疫系统。现在,了解了潜在机制,就可以进行反击了,”德国癌症研究中心和HI-STEM的Andreas Trumpp说。

原始出处:Paczulla AM, Rothfelder K, Raffel S, et al. Absence of NKG2D ligands defines leukaemia stem cells and mediates their immune evasion. Nature. 2019 Jul 17.

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    2019-08-21 liye789132251
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    2019-07-30 12450753m57暂无昵称

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    0

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    2019-07-23 独孤立克

    干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦

    0

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    2019-07-20 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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    2019-07-20 深海的鱼

    学习学习学习

    0

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