ECCMID 2014 :头孢洛林对亚洲社区获得性肺炎患者疗效较佳

2014-06-03 步步非烟 摘译 丁香园

第24届欧洲临床微生物学和感染性疾病学术会(ECCMID)于2014年5月10日-13日在西班牙巴塞罗那召开,会议报道了一项治疗亚洲社区获得性肺炎III期临床试验结果:头孢洛林酯在治疗社区获得性肺炎患者时效果优于头孢曲松。Medscape医学新闻对此研究结果进行了报道,现将主要内容编译如下。 头孢曲松和头孢洛林都属于头孢菌素类注射用抗生素,尽管该试验结果表明后者疗效在治疗亚洲社区获得性肺炎方

第24届欧洲临床微生物学和感染性疾病学术会(ECCMID)于2014年5月10日-13日在西班牙巴塞罗那召开,会议报道了一项治疗亚洲社区获得性肺炎III期临床试验结果:头孢洛林酯在治疗社区获得性肺炎患者时效果优于头孢曲松。Medscape医学新闻对此研究结果进行了报道,现将主要内容编译如下。

头孢曲松和头孢洛林都属于头孢菌素类注射用抗生素,尽管该试验结果表明后者疗效在治疗亚洲社区获得性肺炎方面要明显优于前者,但是价格上后者却大概是前者的20倍左右。一位不参与该研究的感染病学专家Barry Hafkin博士认为,疗效上的优势并不能成为两种抗生素价格上巨大差异的理由。

Hafkin还表示,头孢洛林还存在的一个重大问题在于,尚无试验证实该药对耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)性肺炎有效,患者不会愿意花费高昂费用购置这种对MRSA感染性肺炎无效的头孢类抗生素。

该多中心、双盲的试验研究在中国、印度、韩国、台湾和越南等地相继开展,研究将因社区获得性肺炎住院的患者随机分为2个治疗组,分别为头孢洛林组(381名患者,头孢洛林600mg,bid,治疗5天-7天)和头孢曲松组(382名患者,头孢曲松2g,qd,治疗5天-7天)。最后对498名患者进行临床疗效评估。

治疗结束后8天-15天后,头孢洛林组比头孢曲松组(84.1% vs 74.2%)有更多患者对治疗有反应。基于药物疗效评估“非劣效性”和“优效性”的定义来看,该研究结果表明头孢洛林在治疗这类患者方面明显是优效性的。

该结果是在年龄、性别、肺炎严重程度指数(PORT)风险等级以及先前抗生素治疗记录等不同亚组中均表现出较好一致性的;另外,119名接受微生物学评估的患者在基线水平接受了菌株分离鉴定,最常见的感染菌株分别是肺炎链球菌、副流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。

该结果也显示出不论是感染了革兰阴性菌还是革兰阳性菌,接受头孢洛林治疗的患者比接受头孢曲松治疗者疗效要好得多(87.7% vs 75.8%)。

接受微生物学评价患者临床疗效反应情况 

  病原体

  头孢洛林组(n=57, %

  头孢曲松组(n=62, %

  革兰阳性菌

  88.9

  76.2

           金黄色葡萄球菌

  100.0

  50.0

           肺炎链球菌

  86.4

  86.7

  革兰阴性菌

  87.5

  75.6

           大肠埃希菌

  100.0

  83.3

           流感嗜血杆菌

  91.7

  85.7

           副流感嗜血杆菌

  0.0

  66.7

           肺炎克雷伯菌

  78.6

  75.0

 

头孢洛林和头孢曲松治疗组中出现不良反应事件率(45.1% vs 42.6%)、严重不良反应人数及因不良反应而中断治疗的人数都比较相似。其中,前者组中出现腹泻(6.3% vs3.4%)和便秘(4.7% vs 2.3%)的比例较后者组中更常见。

该亚洲临床试验本质上与Forest实验室赞助的FOCUS 1和2 临床试验基本是一样的,不同之处在于后者头孢曲松的剂量是亚太指南规定剂量的两倍,并且FOCUS试验药物观察疗效人群为西方人(详见J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66[Suppl 3]:iii19-iii32 and iii33-iii44)。

而亚洲试验中治疗效果表现出的差异性要比FOCUS 1和2试验要大得多(分别为9.9% vs 8.4% vs 4.9%),研究人员对此颇感好奇。Melnick认为,一种可能解释是受试者之前接受抗生素治疗者(定义为在研究开始前的96小时内,接受单次剂量、短效抗生素者)所占的比例在亚洲和西方研究对象中有所差异(23% vs >40%)。

另外他还补充道,事实上中国人群亚组中仅有6%的人之前接受过抗生素治疗,但不同治疗组间疗效差异性却高达20%。

会议主持人、来自辛辛那提大学医学院的Joseph Solomkin博士则表示,坦率的讲,这其实是一个好消息,也是该研究发现中最重要的一部分。他解释道,在现实生活情景中,患者之前本不会接受什么其他治疗的,因此实际应用该药治疗时会看到药物疗效的放大效应。

但Hafkin博士对此却持不同观点,除非看到有临床试验显示出头孢洛林抗MRSA发挥良好的疗效作用,否则他不会完全支持该药抗感染的疗效。他表示,MRSA是目前美国医师所面临的一项重要感染问题,在医院相关性肺炎每10名患者中就很可能看到1名或2名MRSA感染者。他甚至认为,用如此昂贵的药物去治疗这种可用普通头孢类抗生素治疗的肺炎的行为不可思议。

Melnick解释认为,受资源的限制,研究人员目前并没有打算把医院相关性肺炎列为头孢洛林的用药指征。尽管两人对此问题仍存争议,但本次会议上报道的另一项试验研究则显示,该药对MRSA感染性肺炎疗效是不错的。

来自韦恩州立大学和底特律医疗中心的研究员Michael Rybak博士,对该研究结果进行了报道:这项多中心、回顾性、观察性队列研究,对145名患下呼吸道感染患者进行评估,其中37人患MRSA社区获得性肺炎,59人患MRSA医院相关性肺炎;接受头孢洛林治疗后,上述两组人群感染治愈率分别为91%和94%。

目前,头孢洛林已经分别在美国(商品名Teflaro)和欧洲(商品名Zinforo)批准作为社区获得性肺炎和MRSA感染性皮肤病的治疗用药。

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    2015-03-22 仁医06
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    2014-07-18 shalley75
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    2014-06-05 jj000003