新药与放疗联合应用于癌症患者可显著提高放疗效果

2018-11-20 佚名 汉鼎好医友

不论城市还是农村,癌症已成为我国居民第一大死因。然而,如今,癌症已非“绝症”,许多癌症经过规范的综合治疗可实现临床治愈,成为慢性病。放射治疗是癌症最常用的治疗方法之一。大约60%的癌症患者受益于放射治疗,像早期鼻咽癌患者放射治疗后五年生存率达80%以上;早期宫颈癌患者达90%以上;早期喉癌患者5年生存率70%,能保存喉功能;早期精原细胞癌和早期前列腺癌患者80%。对于其他一些癌症,放疗也可改善症状

不论城市还是农村,癌症已成为我国居民第一大死因。然而,如今,癌症已非“绝症”,许多癌症经过规范的综合治疗可实现临床治愈,成为慢性病

放射治疗是癌症最常用的治疗方法之一。大约60%的癌症患者受益于放射治疗,像早期鼻咽癌患者放射治疗后五年生存率达80%以上;早期宫颈癌患者达90%以上;早期喉癌患者5年生存率70%,能保存喉功能;早期精原细胞癌和早期前列腺癌患者80%。对于其他一些癌症,放疗也可改善症状。放疗可单独使用,也可与化疗一起使用。

癌细胞在增殖过程中,必须经过DNA复制,而放疗通过穿透癌细胞内的DNA分子链,引起分子链断裂,从而杀死癌细胞。医生们通过放疗直接摧毁患者的肿瘤,或者缩小肿瘤为手术做准备,这取决于肿瘤的类型,因为不同癌症对放射治疗的敏感性不同。一般说来,消化系统的癌肿,如癌、结肠癌、肝癌,放疗有效率不超过50%,更难获得根治。

而最近一项新研究找到了一种方法,有望提高放疗对抗癌细胞的强度。医生们将一种名为5-碘-2-嘧啶-2'-去氧核糖(IPdR)也被称为罗匹昔定(Ropidoxuridine)的新药,与放疗联合应用于癌症患者。结果显示:其可显着提高放疗效果!

说到IPdR的研制,来自美国布朗大学沃伦·阿尔珀特医学院和罗德岛医院放射肿瘤科的蒂莫西·金塞拉(Kinsella)博士解释道:“以前的研究发现了一种很有前途的化合物,叫做碘脱氧尿苷(IUdR),它对提高放疗的效果非常有效。IUdR只能通过静脉注射,并且证明对病人有很多副作用。因此,开发了IPdR这种新药。”

IPdR是一种前药,前药是一种药物的非活性版本,一旦代谢发生就会变得活跃。IPdR可以作为胶囊服用,一旦进入体内,它就会转化为活性药物IUdR。研究人员认为,IUdR以其活性形式削弱癌细胞,使其更容易被辐射破坏。

在试验中,Kinsella博士团队给18名晚期癌症患者使用了这种药物,包括食道癌、胰腺癌、肝癌和结肠癌。试验参与者连续28天每天服用一剂IPdR前药,在28天的治疗过程中,医生逐渐增加剂量,分别测量了参与者血液中IPdR前药和活性IUdR的水平,并监测了参与者的副作用。

IPdR帮助辐射杀死癌细胞

在28天内,试验发现每天服用1200毫克IPdR是安全的。在此范围内患者副作用很小,且1200毫克的前药剂量增加了活性药物的血液水平,足以使癌细胞在接受放疗时变得更弱。

此外,研究人员在患者接受治疗开始54天后对14名癌症患者的肿瘤进行了评估,CT和MRI扫描显示,1人的肿瘤完全消失,3人的肿瘤缩小了30%,另外9人的肿瘤无进展。其中1人感染,导致疾病恶化,不得不停止治疗。

结果显示:

·患者在接受放射治疗服用IPdR,血液中的IUdR水平足以使放疗更有效地杀死癌细胞。

·达到血液中IUdR治疗水平所需要的IPdR剂量,即1200毫克导致的副作用最小。

研究者指出:“这项试验针对的是那些患有复发性癌症并且已接受了许多其他癌症治疗的病人,对于新诊断的患者,我们可以安全地使用更高的剂量,更好地杀死肿瘤。”

参考资料

[1] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323677.php.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684176, encodeId=e63616841e655, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7425806967a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#联合应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80696, encryptionId=7425806967a, topicName=联合应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=091d28056243, createdName=s_pl2017, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 16:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1289623, encodeId=9e52128962334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbb8e1356f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71356, encryptionId=cbb8e1356f7, topicName=癌症患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=10ba218, createdName=zgwhgch, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 10:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1031978, encodeId=650110319e88a, content=谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=内科新手, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 22:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046678, encodeId=ebf710466e80d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 22:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353179, encodeId=18bf3531e942, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 20:50:46 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684176, encodeId=e63616841e655, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7425806967a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#联合应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80696, encryptionId=7425806967a, topicName=联合应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=091d28056243, createdName=s_pl2017, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 16:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1289623, encodeId=9e52128962334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbb8e1356f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71356, encryptionId=cbb8e1356f7, topicName=癌症患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=10ba218, createdName=zgwhgch, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 10:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1031978, encodeId=650110319e88a, content=谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=内科新手, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 22:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046678, encodeId=ebf710466e80d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 22:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353179, encodeId=18bf3531e942, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 20:50:46 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-20 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684176, encodeId=e63616841e655, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7425806967a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#联合应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80696, encryptionId=7425806967a, topicName=联合应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=091d28056243, createdName=s_pl2017, createdTime=Sat Oct 05 16:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1289623, encodeId=9e52128962334, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbb8e1356f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71356, encryptionId=cbb8e1356f7, topicName=癌症患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=10ba218, createdName=zgwhgch, createdTime=Thu Nov 22 10:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1031978, encodeId=650110319e88a, content=谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=内科新手, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 22:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046678, encodeId=ebf710466e80d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 22:41:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353179, encodeId=18bf3531e942, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Tue Nov 20 20:50:46 CST 2018, time=2018-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-20 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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    2018-11-20 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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