Nature子刊:卵细胞发育停滞, 表观遗传学扮演关键角色

2018-01-05 生物探索 生物探索

女性在出生时,卵巢内已经有未成熟的卵细胞存在,而且在出生后卵子数目不会增加。保持未成熟的卵细胞停滞是女性生育的关键部分。1月1日发表在《Nature Structural and Molecular Biology》杂志上的最新研究揭示了表观遗传学在维持卵细胞发育停滞中的作用。正如前文所说,卵细胞会处于停滞状态,直到成年时才需要它们。而维持卵细胞处于停滞状态的关键,其中就包括在细胞的DNA中添加许

女性在出生时,卵巢内已经有未成熟的卵细胞存在,而且在出生后卵子数目不会增加。保持未成熟的卵细胞停滞是女性生育的关键部分。1月1日发表在《Nature Structural and Molecular Biology》杂志上的最新研究揭示了表观遗传学在维持卵细胞发育停滞中的作用。



正如前文所说,卵细胞会处于停滞状态,直到成年时才需要它们。而维持卵细胞处于停滞状态的关键,其中就包括在细胞的DNA中添加许多表观遗传标记,附在DNA上的表观遗传标记作为“脚注”,指示哪些基因是“开”或“关”。

科学家们想要进一步了解这些标记来自卵细胞的哪个地方,以及错误是如何导致疾病的。但是,在卵细胞中研究表观遗传学,极其具有挑战性,因为卵细胞很少会有表观遗传学现象。因此,研究小组必须开发一种新的、高敏感度的方法,来检测细胞中如此少量的表观遗传标记——Babraham研究所的Gavin Kelsey博士以及其同事领导的研究小组研究了一种名为MLL2的蛋白质,结果发现,它可以产生卵细胞停滞所需的一种独特的表观遗传标记。

他们通过这种新的方法发现,随着卵子的发育,一种叫H3K4me3的表观遗传标记会遍布整个基因组。虽然科学家们在很多细胞中都发现了与活性基因接近的标记,但是它在卵细胞中的作用似乎是不同的。

他们还发现,MLL2蛋白主要负责这种不寻常的H3K4me3在卵细胞中的位置。如果没有MLL2,卵细胞中的大多数H3K4me3标记都会丢失,而且在形成新生命之前,卵细胞就会死亡。

这项研究结果还表明,表观遗传标记H3K4me3可以通过2种方式产生。MLL2可以在没有任何邻近基因活性的情况下添加H3K4me3标记,而另一个不使用MLL2的过程则会在活跃基因附近添加相同的标记。

第一作者Courtney Hanna博士表示,通过研究这一新的机制,我们希望增加对表观遗传学以及生育能力的认识。

首席科学家Kelsey博士表示,只是刚刚开始解开表观遗传学和卵细胞发育之间联系的细节,这是基础生物学研究的一个方面,它可能在母亲向胎儿传递信息方面发挥着重要的作用。

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    2018-04-19 liye789132251
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    2018-01-07 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-01-07 neurowu
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    2018-01-07 hxzhang

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