Lancet:重磅!195个国家26年医疗质量排行榜!中国表现如何?

2018-05-28 Ruthy,Zoe 转化医学网

医疗科技的发展,医学思想的进步让可持续发展逐步成为医疗界关注的重要话题,重视全民健康覆盖,改善并监测医疗服务可及性和质量的重要性日益凸显。

导  读

医疗科技的发展,医学思想的进步让可持续发展逐步成为医疗界关注的重要话题,重视全民健康覆盖,改善并监测医疗服务可及性和质量的重要性日益凸显。

然而,目前在广泛的关键卫生服务层面和发展范围内评估个人卫生保健服务可及性和质量的相关研究较少,因此,在有效医疗护理条件下对国家卫生医疗保健服务的评估就尤为重要。

近期,国际著名医学期刊《Lancet》发布了一项重磅研究,其根据2016年全球医疗负担(GBD )更新的死亡原因和风险因素估计值,综合分析了1990年到2016年间195个国家和地区以及全球和区域层面的医疗保健服务和质量指数(HAQ指数)。

它首次报告了巴西、中国、英国、印度、日本、墨西哥和美国的具体HAQ指数,更加深入地调查了个人医疗保健服务质量状况,首次使用死亡率与发病率比值(MIRS),更好地反映了各国癌症的诊断和治疗能力差距,同时还对HAQ指数和潜在的绩效相关性进行探索性分析。

该文以《Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016》为题发表。

研究的综合分析发现,1990年到2016年间,研究的195个国家和地区中有186个国家和地区的HAQ指数得分显着提高,中国,马尔代夫,秘鲁和泰国等几个国家的增长最为明显,但同时HAQ指数得分在不同国家的改善速度仍存在惊人的差距。2016年,HAQ指数的发展出现区域分化,不平等现象日益严重,尤其是中国、印度等发展中国家中区域分化尤为明显。

2000年到2016年间,全球医疗卫生发展速度加快,但仍有部分国家、地区出现发展速度减缓甚至不发展,从而揭示了跨健康区域的国家级医疗卫生改进存在显着的异质性,另外,国家HAQ指数值与潜在的绩效相关性之间存在可变关系。

这就强调了定向卫生系统在提供医疗健康优质服务方面的复杂性。而HAQ指数绩效的次国家层面评估显示了区域层面监测医疗保健服务差距的重要性,还为医疗保健服务的准入和改善政策提供了借鉴。


HAQ指数得分地图

7国的具体数据显示,2000年以来中国医疗保健服务的整体收益明显增加,但直至2016年,中国各省之间的绝对差距仍令人咂舌,北京与西藏的HAQ指数得分差距已经达到43.5分!同时,同为发展中国家,中国和印度的HAQ指数得分存在明显差距。

这可能与卫生设施的实际使用方式、卫生系统基础设施和医疗技术规模、连续照护等有效服务的巨大差异有关。研究发现医疗保健服务在疫苗可预防疾病、传染病和母婴健康以及需要复杂病例管理的疾病(例如癫痫糖尿病和慢性肾病疾病)等方面获得的收益较大,但癌症和一些非传染性疾病的收益较低,这在中国、印度等HAQ指数发展迅速的国家尤为明显。


7个国家的HAQ指数范围

另外,很多国家医疗保健服务发展缓慢甚至不发展无法以风险管理和服务质量变化来解释,这就说明卫生系统的发展并不完全符合人类健康发展需要。尤其是对于非传染性疾病来说,不同社会人口指数(SDI)高的国家和地区HAQ指数得分很大差距。

这可能反映了非传染性疾病医疗保健服务方面的投资不足。这就提醒我们,在实现可持续发展的道路上,除了保持医疗保健服务在疫苗可预防疾病方取得的成外,要切记不可牺牲下一代卫生系统,仍需统筹兼顾。

尽管2016年人均卫生总费用与HAQ指数具有较强相关性,但类似的支出水平存在很大差异。政府支出占医疗总支出的比例与2016年HAQ指数表现呈正相关,而卫生发展援助则呈现出负相关。数据显示,这些卫生系统措施及其与HAQ指数的关系出现了相当大的异质性,尤其是在中高等SDI国家。

文章指出,优质医疗保健服务是全民健康覆盖的重要组成部分,HAQ指数为监测卫生服务进展提供了强有力的指标。但是,需要记住的是,高质量的医疗保健服务是必要的,但远远不足以实现全民健康覆盖,这也需要在解决经济困难的情况下提供有效的医疗服务。

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    2018-08-01 howi
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    2018-06-01 121f8a3am91暂无昵称

    日本医疗最牛.美国其次.中国某些地区可以排前几.综合全国差不多是26年前的日本

    0

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    2018-05-30 xxxx1054
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    2018-05-28 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    中国的医疗卫生工作加油!

    0

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