BMJ:卵细胞浆内单精子注射后双侧输卵管异位妊娠

2014-08-13 清晨111 丁香园

双侧输卵管异位妊娠是一种特殊的临床状态,其发病率约为自然妊娠的1/200000 。而体外受精异位妊娠的发病率约占所有临床妊娠的2.1%-9.4%。据报道,仅有一小部分双侧异位妊娠的患者在接受药物治疗后能正常宫内妊娠,并且成功分娩。 目前,有关卵细胞浆内单精子注射和胚胎移植(ICSI-ET)后双侧输卵管异位妊娠的病例报道很少,输卵管异位妊娠发病率的相关数据还不完善。Mehtap Polat

双侧输卵管异位妊娠是一种特殊的临床状态,其发病率约为自然妊娠的1/200000 。而体外受精异位妊娠的发病率约占所有临床妊娠的2.1%-9.4%。据报道,仅有一小部分双侧异位妊娠的患者在接受药物治疗后能正常宫内妊娠,并且成功分娩。

目前,有关卵细胞浆内单精子注射和胚胎移植(ICSI-ET)后双侧输卵管异位妊娠的病例报道很少,输卵管异位妊娠发病率的相关数据还不完善。Mehtap Polat等报道了2例ICSI-ET后双侧输卵管异位妊娠病例,并将成果发表在BMJ杂志上。

病例1

患者,37岁,因严重少精症7年不孕,接受卵细胞浆内单精子注射和胚胎移植(ICSI-ET)治疗。该患者无腹盆腔手术史或扩张刮除手术史。由于有严重男性不育因素的存在,患者未进行卵细胞浆内单精子注射、子宫输卵管造影术(HSG)和腹腔镜检查。研究者利用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂长方案与重组促卵泡激素协同刺激并在超声指导下进行胚胎移植。

胚胎移植后,患者成功妊娠。研究者动态随访孕期血清β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)变化。β-hCG水平在胚胎移植后第11、14、16天分别为46、120和276mIU/ml。患者妊娠6周第一次产检时发现宫内未见妊娠囊。而经阴道超声检查显示双侧附件区各有一强回声环,右侧22.6*20.3mm。左侧26.9*26.2mm,道格拉斯窝内无积液(图1),β-hCG水平为1721mIU/mL。

1.jpg


图1.双侧异位妊娠超声图像

因为无急腹症,也没有高水平的β-hCG,患者最终采用甲氨蝶呤(50mg/m2)单次给药的治疗方式。治疗后,β-hCG水平在3周内逐渐降至正常。经过三次尝试,患者宫内妊娠成功并产下一名健康婴儿。

病例2

患者,35岁,因少精症5年未孕,曾在其他实验中心尝试过ICSI-ET,但未能成功。子宫输卵管造影术(HSG)显示正常。研究人员利用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂长方案与重组促卵泡激素协同刺激并在超声指导下进行胚胎移植。

胚胎移植后,患者成功妊娠。研究者再次动态随访孕期血清β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)变化。β-hCG水平在胚胎移植后第11、13、15天分别是53、148和310mIU/mL。患者妊娠6周第一次产检发现宫内未见妊娠囊,双侧附件区有强回声环,右侧34.2×29.6mm,左侧44.6×38.2 mm。诊断时,β-hCG水平为6013 mIU/mL.。

在权衡药物和手术治疗利弊后,患者最终选择了外科手术治疗。研究人员在腹腔镜下观察到双侧输卵管壶腹部未破裂异位妊娠,子宫和卵巢正常(图2)。研究者在腹腔镜下进行双侧输卵管线性切开术。在输卵管切开的过程中,由于左侧输卵管切口有渗出,研究者又对左侧输卵管进行部分切除。而术后组织学检查也证实了该诊断。

2.jpg


图2.双侧异位妊娠腹腔镜图像

再次尝试ICSI-ET后,患者成功妊娠并且顺利产下一名健康足月婴儿。

讨论

目前,异位妊娠仍然是最常见最重要的妇科急症之一,与产妇死亡率有明显关联。在英国,异位妊娠的产妇死亡率为4/10000。该数据在发展中国家肯定更高。

不同输卵管异位妊娠患者的临床症状可能有很大差异。患者可表现为急性腹部体征和症状。在该研究中,患者第一次产检时发现宫内未见孕囊,双侧附件区各有一强回声环,考虑为双侧输卵管异位妊娠。而研究者最终则通过超声图像(图1)和腹腔镜手术图像(图2)解释了该诊断。

体外受精胚胎移植后异位妊娠的风险因素包括高龄产妇、输卵管疾病史、多个胚胎移植等。临床医生可以根据患者的偏好、临床状态以及医生的手术经验来选择内科或者外科治疗方案。

如果患者血液动力学稳定、无急性腹部出血迹象、血浆β-hCG水平<5000 mIU/mL、胎儿心脏活动消失,异位肿块直径4cm则可以选择内科治疗。但是,即使选择内科治疗,临床医生也应该及时告知患者手术的必要性以及急腹症可能。

原始出处:

Polat M1, Boynukalın FK1, Yaralı İ1, Yaralı H2.Bilateral ectopic pregnancy following ICSI.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Jun 26;2014. pii: bcr2014204814. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204814.

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    2015-04-05 gaoxiaoe
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    2014-08-15 hxzhang

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    美国一项系统综述研究表明,对于可疑异位妊娠患者,其病史的临床诊断价值有限。经阴道超声检查(图2)发现无宫内妊娠的附件包块[阳性似然比(+LR)=111],体格检查发现宫颈触痛(+LR=4.9)、附件包块(+LR=2.4)、附件压痛(+LR=1.9)均提示异位妊娠的可能性增加。经阴道超声检查未发现附件异常,则异位妊娠的可能性降低。   对于妊娠早期出现腹痛或阴道流血者,经阴道超