我国每年人工流产900多万例 卫健委发布避孕服务规范

2018-08-22 佚名 健康时报网

国家卫健委日前印发关于《人工流产后避孕服务规范(2018版)》(以下简称《规范》)及其解读,为接受人工流产的女性如何高效避孕、减少重复流产、促进计划妊娠等制定了指导规范。中国每年人工流产约900多万例为何高发?选择人工流产的群体在中国并不少见。《规范》中披露,近年来中国人工流产数量大,每年约900多万例。接受人工流产手术的女性中低龄者、未育者占比大,重复人流比例高。卫健委在对《规范》文件进行解读

国家卫健委日前印发关于《人工流产后避孕服务规范(2018版)》(以下简称《规范》)及其解读,为接受人工流产的女性如何高效避孕、减少重复流产、促进计划妊娠等制定了指导规范。

中国每年人工流产约900多万例为何高发?

选择人工流产的群体在中国并不少见。《规范》中披露,近年来中国人工流产数量大,每年约900多万例。接受人工流产手术的女性中低龄者、未育者占比大,重复人流比例高。

卫健委在对《规范》文件进行解读时提出,诱发的原因主要来自两方面:

一是育龄人群缺乏避孕节育科学知识,避孕措施缺失,导致意外妊娠。

二是避孕方法咨询指导不到位,育龄人群采用高效避孕方法不足,避孕失败率高。

人流对女性的伤害不容忽视!

人工流产后,女性的身心都面临着不同程度的挑战。国家卫健委在《规范》的文件解读中提到:多次重复人工流产严重影响女性生育能力和身心健康。

人工流产后,女性在身体上可能面临输卵管阻塞、宫腔粘连、子宫内膜异位症等并发症,且可能导致女性继发不孕。若进行多次重复人工流产,带来并发症及继发不孕的风险将显着提升。

若在人工流产后1年内,特别是6个月内再次妊娠,则对母体和胎儿的生命安全风险更大。在此时间段内再次选择人工流,也会对女性身体和生育能力造成更大损害,严重时甚至会导致死亡。

此外,对有多次人工流产史的妇女而言,即使得以怀孕,其自然流产、早产、胎盘异常及低体重儿等不良妊娠发生的风险也高于常人,潜在危害母婴安全。

人流术后,该注意点什么?

完成人流手术后,院方和就诊女性不可掉以轻心。《规范》指出,术后医护人员应再次告知服务对象人工流产后注意事项,并提供相应的健康教育资料。

此外,对术后放置的宫内节育器、皮下埋植剂等,还需告知不良反应,叮嘱其在1个月内返院复诊。到了术后3个月,院方还需再次随访,告知其到计划生育科、妇科、产科等相关科室门诊就诊咨询。

针对有条件的机构,还应在术后6个月和12个月,对重复人工流产人群进行第三次、第四次随访,了解对方避孕方法使用情况和依从性,指导服务对象坚持落实高效避孕方法。

若在人工流产后,2年内无生育计划的夫妇,则可选择长效可逆的避孕方法,如宫内节育器、皮下埋植剂、长效避孕针。对于未能决定采用长效可逆避孕方法的妇女,可指导采用复方短效口服避孕药或避孕套。

避孕套非最高效避孕措施

未采用高效的避孕方法,是避孕失败的重要原因之一。何为高效的避孕措施?

据世界卫生组织给出的定义:某种避孕方法每百名妇女完美使用1年,发生非意愿妊娠的人数<1,即为高效避孕方法;发生非意愿妊娠的人数在2-9之间,则为有效避孕方法;发生非意愿妊娠的人数>9,则为效果较差的避孕方法。

高效的避孕方法主要包括宫内节育器、皮下埋植剂、女性绝育术、男性绝育术、长效避孕针、复方短效口服避孕药等。

而为人们所熟知的男用避孕套、女用避孕套、安全期法、体外排精法等,均属于有效避孕的范畴,且必须坚持和正确使用,否则失败率较高。据了解,若使用避孕套避孕,在一般情况下,每百名妇女使用一年发生非意愿妊娠的人数大于15。可见,通过避孕套避孕,并非是最高效的避孕措施之一。

此外,诸如安全期法、体外排精法,由于较难长期坚持和正确应用,在一般使用的情况下失败率较高,实际避孕效果较差。即使在完美使用的情况下,每百名妇女使用一年发生非意愿妊娠的人数也仍然大于18。而外用避孕药(膜剂、栓剂、凝胶),则属于效果较差的避孕方法。

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    2018-08-29 衣带渐宽

    学习

    0

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    2018-08-27 荒郊野树

    特略略略了

    0

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    2018-08-25 荒郊野树

    949215911591

    0

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    2018-08-22 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得拥有哦

    0

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2001-2008年美国女性意外怀孕概率轻度上升, 高于很多其他工业化国家。2008年后就没有国内趋势的报道了。我们根据2008-2011年妇女和女孩的怀孕意向和这些妊娠结局计算妊娠率。数据来源:家庭增长国家调查委员会统计的妊娠意向,国家对堕胎的调查,国家健康统计中心的出生率,全国人口普查的人工流产统计;使用家庭增长国家调查的数据估计流产率。结果:2011年少于一半(45%)的妊娠为非计划性,相比