Cell Stem Cell八大热点文章(5月)

2016-05-16 佚名 生物通

《Cell Stem Cell》杂志是2007年Cell出版社新增两名新成员之一(另外一个杂志是Cell Host & Microbe),这一杂志内容涵盖了从最基本的细胞和发育机制到医疗软件临床应用等整个干细胞生物学研究内容。这一杂志特别关注胚胎干细胞、组织特异性和癌症干细胞的最新成果。《Cell Stem Cell》自创刊以来就倍受关注,影响因子迅速提升,从0一冲至16.826,又达到了

《Cell Stem Cell》杂志是2007年Cell出版社新增两名新成员之一(另外一个杂志是Cell Host & Microbe),这一杂志内容涵盖了从最基本的细胞和发育机制到医疗软件临床应用等整个干细胞生物学研究内容。这一杂志特别关注胚胎干细胞、组织特异性和癌症干细胞的最新成果。《Cell Stem Cell》自创刊以来就倍受关注,影响因子迅速提升,从0一冲至16.826,又达到了25.315。其中最受关注的文章包括:  Age-Related Accumulation of Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Adult-Derived Human iPSCs。

  
人们长期以来认为我们的线粒体DNA中的致病性突变是衰老和年龄相关性疾病的一种驱动力,不过一直都缺乏明确的证据。如今,利用这项研究中的证据,科学家知道我们必须筛选iPS细胞中发生的突变,或者在年龄更为年轻时收集人体细胞制造iPS细胞,从而确保它们的线粒体基因是健康的。这种对细胞在自然衰老过程中如何遭受损伤的基本了解可能有助消除发生基因突变的线粒体在退化性疾病中发挥的作用。

研究人员采集了24岁到72岁之间的人群的血液和皮肤样本。当他们测试样品寻找线粒体DNA突变时,发现突变的水平很低。但是当他们对iPS细胞系进行测序时,他们发现了更高数量的线粒体DNA突变,尤其是在超过60岁的患者的细胞中。他们还发现,在一个细胞内含有突变的线粒体比例更高。一个细胞内突变的线粒体DNA含量越高,就对细胞功能的损害越大。

Zika Virus Infects Human Cortical Neural Progenitors and Attenuates Their Growth 

Cell Stem Cell杂志发表的研究显示,寨卡病毒能感染形成大脑皮层的神经干细胞,阻碍这些细胞的生长。  

Johns Hopkins大学的宋红军(Hongjun Song)、明国丽(Guo-li Ming)夫妇与佛罗里达州立大学的Hengli Tang领导研究团队日以继夜地进行了一个月的研究。他们用人类诱导多能干细胞生成神经细胞,建立了研究寨卡病毒的新平台。 

鉴于人们一般是被蚊子携带的寨卡病毒感染,研究人员将病毒在蚊子细胞中培养几天,然后再用它们感染人类神经细胞。研究显示,大脑皮层的神经前体细胞被感染之后成为了寨卡病毒繁殖的天堂,病毒颗粒在短短三天内就扩散到了整个培养皿的干细胞。而且研究人员没有发现细胞启动抗病毒应答,还不清楚病毒是否会被清除出去。

这项研究告诉我们,寨卡病毒可能对大脑皮层的破坏最大。“这只是第一步,还有很多工作要做,”宋教授指出。寨卡病毒还有许多问题有待解答,比如为何成年感染者症状轻微,病毒又是如何进入胎儿神经系统的。  


Expression Analysis Highlights AXL as a Candidate Zika Virus Entry Receptor in Neural Stem Cells 

来自美国约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员发现实验室培养的人神经干细胞,它们能够产生在大脑中发现的神经元和胶质细胞,能够被寨卡病毒(Zika virus)毒株感染和杀死。这项初步研究首次提示着孕妇感染寨卡病毒如何可能导致她们的婴儿患上头小畸型(microcephaly),即一种大脑和头颅不能按照正常速度生长的神经疾病。

Pharmacological Reprogramming of Fibroblasts into Neural Stem Cells by Signaling-Directed Transcriptional Activation  

来自Gladstone研究所的科学家们取得重大的突破,通过采用一些化学物质的组合将皮肤细胞转化成为了心脏细胞和脑细胞。由于以往所有的细胞重编程研究都要求往细胞中添加外源基因,因此这一成果是一个前所未有的壮举。这项研究为某一天能够用药物再生出丧失或受损的细胞奠定了基础。  

资深作者丁胜说:“这种方法让我们朝着能够在患者的损伤部位生成新细胞又近了一步。我们希望有一天能够采用一些药物,帮助心脏和大脑利用自身现有的组织细胞再生出受损区域,来治疗心力衰竭或帕金森病。这一过程更加接近长期以来让我们着迷的,在蝾螈和火蜥蜴一类动物体内发生的自然再生。” 


Divergent lncRNAs Regulate Gene Expression and Lineage Differentiation in Pluripotent Cells  

清华大学医学院沈晓骅课题组发表了题为《反义长链非编码RNA调控基因表达和多能干细胞分化》的研究论文,系统揭示了长链非编码RNA顺式调控基因组上邻近基因的表达,以及它们在干细胞分化和发育中的作用。  

多细胞生物拥有不同大小的基因组,比如人的基因组比秀丽线虫的大30倍,它们却拥有相似数目的蛋白编码基因。蛋白分子一直被认为是生命活动的载体和执行者。近年来随着高通量DNA测序技术的发展,研究表明80%的人类基因组序列虽然能够转录表达并产生RNA ,却不能编码和翻译成蛋白。由此产生了大量的长链非编码RNA(lncRNA),其基因数量(近2万个)和蛋白编码基因相当。目前人们对它们的了解还非常有限,lncRNA被认为是生物学中的暗物质。探索lncRNA的功能和生物学意义,对于人们认识非编码基因组、生物体的多样性和进化具有重要意义。LncRNA的功能分类及预测,是新兴的非编码RNA领域一直追寻和探索的重要问题。  

Zika virus disrupts neural progenitor development and leads to microcephaly in mice 

中国的研究人员在Cell Stem Cell杂志上报告称,证实被注射亚洲寨卡病毒株,在孕母体内邻近产期的胎鼠显示出小头畸形的典型特征。正如预期的那样,寨卡病毒感染了神经前体细胞,感染大脑表达了一些与病毒入侵相关的基因,并显示免疫反应改变及细胞死亡。  


3D Chromosome Regulatory Landscape of Human Pluripotent Cells  

Whitehead研究所的研究人员构建出了在人类胚胎干(ES)细胞和成体细胞中构成人类基因组三维(3D)结构,并调控了基因表达的DNA环的图谱。一些基因和调控元件在这一染色体框架内的定位有可能帮助科学家们更好地指导他们的基因组研究,确立突变与疾病发生发展之间的关系。

CRISPR Interference Efficiently Induces Specific and Reversible Gene Silencing in Human iPSCs  

结合21世纪最强大的两种生物学工具,Gladstone研究所的科学家第一次采用CRISPR-Cas9系统的变种技术,改变了读取诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)基因组的方式。这是在构建遗传病细胞模型上取得的一个重大技术进步。  

研究人员比较了CRISPRi和CRISPR-Cas9沉默控制iPSC多能性的一个特殊基因的状况。他们发现CRISPRi的效率比CRISPR-Cas9高得多:利用CRISPRi,95%以上细胞中的靶基因被沉默,而采用CRISPR-Cas9的细胞为60-70%。并且CRISPRi没有造成任何脱靶基因表达改变,像在细胞基因组中非期望的插入或删除等——这是采用CRISPR-Cas9要考虑的一个问题。  


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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959631, encodeId=1bec1959631ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon May 23 19:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869374, encodeId=c24d18693e41e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Mar 17 10:05:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1794410, encodeId=b7131e94410a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82b416e79f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#stem cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16779, encryptionId=82b416e79f5, topicName=stem cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Sun Nov 13 05:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1481904, encodeId=730314819042f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8cc416e78f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#STEM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16778, encryptionId=8cc416e78f3, topicName=STEM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d1067833268, createdName=12498bb3m92(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed May 18 09:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=86031, encodeId=a13f86031ec, content=值得学习,好东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cache2.medsci.cn/upload/content/day_160326/201603262025001865.jpg, createdBy=c7881618185, createdName=qian0416, createdTime=Mon May 16 20:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-16 qian0416

    值得学习,好东西

    0