JCO:PARP抑制剂veliparib进军广泛期小细胞肺癌一线,小细胞肺癌又多了一种治疗方式?

2019-01-07 肿瘤资讯编辑部 肿瘤资讯

Veliparib是一种多聚(ADP核糖)聚合酶PARP抑制剂。临床前研究结果显示, veliparib或可增强小细胞肺癌标准化疗的疗效。ECOG-ACRIN 2511研究是一项随机II期研究,探究了veliparib联合顺铂和依托泊苷一线治疗是广泛期小细胞肺癌(ES-SCLC)患者的疗效。近期,该项研究的结果荣登Journal of Clinical Oncology杂志。

Veliparib是一种多聚(ADP核糖)聚合酶PARP抑制剂。临床前研究结果显示, veliparib或可增强小细胞肺癌标准化疗的疗效。ECOG-ACRIN 2511研究是一项随机II期研究,探究了veliparib联合顺铂和依托泊苷一线治疗是广泛期小细胞肺癌(ES-SCLC)患者的疗效。近期,该项研究的结果荣登Journal of Clinical Oncology杂志。

研究背景

小细胞肺癌(SCLC)是对放化疗最敏感的恶性实体肿瘤之一,目前铂类联合依托泊苷仍是ES-SCLC最常用的一线化疗方案,客观缓解率可达50%~70%,但不能维持缓解,中位总生存期(OS)约为9-11个月,5年生存率为5%。虽然高强度、多药化疗方案有明显应答率,但由于毒性增加和治疗相关死亡率,并不能转化为生存获益。在铂类为基础的化疗方案中增加生物抑制剂是一个新型研究领域,但目前还没有为患者带来更好的疗效。 

聚ADP核糖聚合酶(PARP)家族催化ADP核糖加入多种细胞因子,包括DNA、组蛋白和非组蛋白。PARP主要通过碱基切除修复机制参与DNA损伤修复,在基因缺陷的肿瘤细胞中,抑制PARP可产生协同杀伤性,比如同源重组修复能力缺陷的BRCA缺陷肿瘤。另外,PARP抑制剂还通过DNA损伤诱导发挥细胞毒性作用增强抗癌剂的作用,PARP过表达与药物耐药性和肿瘤细胞压力应激能力相关。与其他组织学亚型和正常肺上皮细胞相比,SCLC显示PARP过表达。小分子PARP抑制剂比如veliparib和Talazoparib在临床前研究中能增强标准化疗药物的疗效。在一项I期临床研究中,Talazoparib在复发性SCLC患者中表现出单药疗效。I期临床研究中,veliparib联合顺铂和依托泊苷(CE)是安全且可耐受的。

研究方法

研究入组的患者为初诊、未接受任何抗肿瘤治疗的ES-SCLC成人患者(>18岁)。广泛期定义为出现胸腔外转移病变,恶性胸腔积液,双侧或对侧锁骨上区淋巴结转移。患者ECOG PS评分为0或1,按实体肿瘤的疗效评价标准1.1版(RECIST 1.1)有可测量病灶,以及充足的器官功能(通过实验室拟定参数来定义),排除中枢神经系统(CNS)转移的患者。

患者随机分配接受顺铂和依托泊苷联合veliparib(CE+V)或联合安慰剂(CE+P)治疗。治疗组第1天顺铂(75 mg/m2)静脉注射,第1天到第3天依托泊苷(100 mg/m2)静脉注射,第1天到第7天veliparib(100 mg/天,1天两次)口服。1个周期为21天。对照组接受同样的方案,用安慰剂替代veliparib。最多进行4个周期的治疗,每两个周期治疗后进行一次监测,此后每3个月对患者进行为期2年的疾病进展监测,或直到疾病进展。

主要终点为无进展生存期(PFS),次要终点为OS、总缓解率(ORR)和安全性。 

研究结果

研究入组147例患者(图1)。除肌酸酐水平异常(P=0.01)和病理分期(P=0.01)外,治疗组变量平衡良好。两组患者中大部分患者完成了拟定的4个周期的治疗,CE+V组53例(82.8%),CE+P组49例(76.6%)。



图1. CONSORT试验流程图

在128例接受治疗的患者中,118例患者达到无进展生存期,CE+V组和CE+P组分别为58例和60例,CE+V组和CE+P组的中位PFS分别为6.1个月和5.5个月(未分层HR=0.75,单侧P=0.06;分层HR=0.63,单侧P=0.01)(图2)。



图2. 两组患者无进展生存期和总生存期分析 

研究建立了一个多变量Cox模型,以观察调整其他预后因素以及随机化不平衡变量对PFS的影响。多变量模型包括:异常血清蛋白水平、病理N期、体力状态、异常谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平等。 

最终结果显示,veliparib在不同分层组患者中疗效不同,仅在乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平较高男性患者中观察到明显获益(图3)(调整后PFS HR,0.34;80% CI,0.22-0.51;单侧P=0.001);但在其他分组中,veliparib并没有显著的疗效(调整后PFS HR,0.81;80% CI,0.60-1.09;单侧P=0.18)。



图3. 4个分层组的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线 

中位随访时间18.5个月时,共105例死亡病例,CE+V组和CE+P组分别为51例和54例,两组中位OS分别为10.3个月和8.9个月(分层HR,=0.83;单侧P = 0.17)。 

中位随访时间18.5个月时, CE+V组有46例患者达到部分缓解PR,CE+P组分别有1例和41例患者达到完全缓解CR和部分缓解PR。客观缓解率ORR分别为71.9%和65.6%(单侧P=0.29)。

≥3级血液学不良事件发生率分别为CD4淋巴细胞减少(8% vs. 0,P=0.06)和中性粒细胞减少(49% vs. 32%,P=0.08)。乳酸脱氢酶水平高的男性患者PFS获益更显著(HR=0.34,80% CI 0.22~0.51)。   

讨论和结论 

这项II期随机临床研究显示,与对照组相比,PARP抑制剂veliparib使ES-SCLC患者疾病进展的风险降低了36%,但并没有转化为总死亡率的降低。veliparib增加了SCLC标准化疗的疗效,明显改善LDH水平较高、ES-SCLC男性患者的PFS。在该类患者中表现较好疗效,目前还没有合理的生物学解释。 

需要更进一步的临床研究探索化疗联合PARP抑制剂的疗效。一项探究卡铂联合veliparib治疗SCLS疗效的II期临床研究M14-361正在进行中,临床疗效值得期待。

目前而言,虽然在SCLC中还没有预测PARP抑制剂疗效的分子标志物,但临床前研究已发现了潜在的分子标志物如SLFN-11和同源重组缺陷(HRD)。希望这些分子标志物将来会助力SCLC治疗策略。 

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    2019-12-10 lidong40
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    2019-04-19 jklm09
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    2019-03-30 howi
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    2019-01-09 lishiwen

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