Cell Rep:利用细胞代谢对抗顽固肿瘤

2018-09-03 佚名 中国生物技术网

根据美国辛辛那提大学的一项新研究,深入理解帮助肿瘤细胞逃脱药物攻击的代谢过程有助于改善癌症治疗。

根据美国辛辛那提大学的一项新研究,深入理解帮助肿瘤细胞逃脱药物攻击的代谢过程有助于改善癌症治疗。

我们能利用利用细胞代谢对抗顽固肿瘤吗?

很多癌症都非常难以治疗,虽然它们一开始会对抗癌药物产生反应,但有些细胞还是能够存活下来,并继续播种新的肿瘤。

存活下来的细胞通过诱导自噬过程来达到这个目的:清理废物、清除缺陷成分和病原体,并且回收必需分子。

细胞自噬过程将废物输送到溶酶体的细胞器。溶酶体含有不同类型的酶,用于消化和分解各种物质。自噬还是一种生存机制,当营养素稀缺时会开启,当营养素丰富时再次关闭。

这篇题为“Mitochondrial Complex I Activity Is Required for Maximal Autophagy”的研究近日已发表在《Cell Reports》期刊上。研究通讯作者辛辛那提大学血液和肿瘤学助理教授Carol Mercer说:“我们发现,细胞代谢显着影响了细胞启动自噬的能力。”

控制细胞自噬

有两种类型的酶在控制细胞的自噬作用:一种是腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK),另一种是哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)。

某些癌症的治疗已经使用了能触发AMPK或靶向mTOR的药物,并且它们也正在被研究用于其他癌症治疗。

图片来源:《Cell Reports》

Mercer解释说,基于这些原因,理解这些酶如何影响肿瘤细胞的存活途径是非常重要的。

每个细胞都含有为细胞提供能量的线粒体。线粒体中的能量产生分为几个阶段,每个阶段都涉及到一种蛋白质复合物。第一阶段使用一种称为线粒体复合体I 。

缺乏线粒体复合物I的人会产生多种健康问题,包括导致心脏、肝脏、大脑以及神经方面的疾病。

Mercer及其同事发现,线粒体复合物I在触发和增强自噬以及调节自噬持续时间方面起到关键作用。

预防和促进自噬

科学家们发现,线粒体复合物I中的遗传缺陷能阻止被mTOR抑制剂触发的自噬。他们还发现,苯乙双胍和二甲双胍这两种糖尿病药物也具有相同的效果。

相反,研究人员指出,可以通过提升线粒体代谢的方法来增强细胞自噬。

总体而言,该研究揭示了细胞代谢在自噬过程中动态作用的新见解。Mercer认为,这有助于开发针对癌症、神经退行性疾病和线粒体疾病的新治疗策略。

大部分关于代谢如何影响自噬以及如何利用代谢来增强或减弱自噬作用的研究都使用的是人工培养的细胞。这项新研究基于该团队一名成员的早期研究,该研究发现,虽然抑制mTOR可以治疗肝癌,但是也会增强自噬作用。

Carol Mercer说:“我们的数据证明了代谢在自噬调节中的重要性,这进一步增加了我们对临床相关药物对癌症治疗重要性的理解,并提出了增强或抑制自噬作用的新策略。”

原始出处:Thomas HE1, Zhang Y1, Stefely JA2, et al. Mitochondrial Complex I Activity Is Required for Maximal Autophagy. Cell Rep. 2018 Aug 28;24(9):2404-2417.

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    2018-10-06 维他命
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    2018-09-04 kafei

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-09-04 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-09-04 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2018-09-03 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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