大脑成像新技术:分辨率水平达毛细血管级

2015-04-14 佚名 新浪科技

研究癌症和其它侵入性疾病的科学家的工作依赖于高分辨率的成像技术,科学家们使用这些技术来检测肿瘤和身体深部组织的活动。美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学的汪立宏(Lihong Wang)博士和他的研究小组发明了一种新的高速、高分辨率的成像方法。使用这种方法,能够对活体小鼠大脑的血流、血氧、氧代谢和其它功能进行检测,速度比此前的方法都要快。 这些是快速功能光声显微镜拍摄到的小鼠大脑的图像。左图是投射到x-y

研究癌症和其它侵入性疾病的科学家的工作依赖于高分辨率的成像技术,科学家们使用这些技术来检测肿瘤和身体深部组织的活动。美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学的汪立宏(Lihong Wang)博士和他的研究小组发明了一种新的高速、高分辨率的成像方法。使用这种方法,能够对活体小鼠大脑的血流、血氧、氧代谢和其它功能进行检测,速度比此前的方法都要快。

这些是快速功能光声显微镜拍摄到的小鼠大脑的图像。左图是投射到x-y轴二维平面上的完整颅骨内的脉管系统。中图是投射到x-z轴二维平面上的典型的大脑脉管系统增强成像图像。右图是小鼠大脑血红蛋白氧饱和的光声显微镜拍摄的图像,是通过两束激光,利用基于单波长和脉冲宽度的新方法拍摄到的。

汪立宏是圣路易斯华盛顿大学工程与应用科学学院的Gene K. Beare生物医学工程教授。使用光声显微镜技术(PAM),以及他实验室此前研发的一种基于单波长和脉冲宽度的技术,汪立宏的团队得以对血氧水平进行更加快速的测量,测量速度比此前他们使用的快速扫描光声显微镜技术(fast-scanning PAM)快50倍,比声音分辨率系统(acoustic-resolution system)快100倍,比基于磷光寿命的双光子显微镜技术(phosphorescence-lifetime-based two-photon microscopy,TPM)快超过500倍。

这些研究成果于3月30日在Nature Methods杂志的网页上提前在线发表。

此前已有的方法包括功能核磁共振、TMP和宽场光学显微镜技术,这些技术都能用于检测小鼠大脑的结构、血氧水平和血流的动力学。但汪立宏介绍说,这些方法的速度和分辨率都很有限。

为了弥补这些缺陷,汪立宏和他的实验室使用了快速功能光声显微镜技术(fast-functional PAM),这种技术使他们能够穿透完整的颅骨对活体小鼠的大脑进行高分辨率而又高速的成像。这种技术的横向空间分辨率可以达到他们实验室此前使用的快速扫描系统的5倍,是此前声音分辨率系统的25倍,比基于超声阵列的光声CT(ultrasound-array-based photoacoustic computed tomography)的分辨率高超过35倍。

最重要的是,PAM能够对血氧水平进行3D成像,分辨率的水平能够达到毛细血管级,单向的成像速度能够达到100千赫,也就是说10微秒。

“使用这种新的基于单波长和脉冲宽度的技术,PAM能够对血红蛋白的氧饱和进行高速的成像,”汪立宏介绍说。“而且使用这种方法,我们能够对小鼠大脑的血氧水平逐根进行成像,拼贴出整个大脑中的情况。”

“过去十年间,我们对人脑功能的很多发现都是使用功能核磁共振对血流进行观察而得到的,”美国国立生物医学成像和生物工程学研究所光学成像的项目主管Richard Conroy介绍到,“汪立宏的研究极大的提高了光声成像技术的时间和空间分辨率,使这项技术可能用于在单细胞水平检测血流的动力学和氧代谢。光声成像技术在未来可以成为功能核磁共振重要的补充,在脑功能和疾病的发生领域做出重要的发现。”

对于这种显微镜技术对于活体组织是否有不良影响这一问题,汪立宏和他的团队发现,所有用于成像的红细胞成像后都保持完整,没有对脑组织产生损害。

“PAM对于血液中的血红蛋白和血红蛋白与氧结合后颜色的变化非常灵敏,” 汪立宏介绍说,“无需注射外源性的对照试剂,PAM就能使我们对与血红蛋白相关的重要参数进行逐根血管的定量扫描,甚至计算出氧的代谢速度。由于氧代谢在基本的生命活动和诸如糖尿病和癌症这样的疾病中非常重要,PAM未来可能得到广泛的应用。”

原始出处:

Junjie Yao,Lidai Wang,Joon-Mo Yang,Konstantin I Maslov,Terence T W Wong,Lei Li, Chih-Hsien Huang,Jun Zou& Lihong V Wang. High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action.Nature Methods, March 30, 2015; doi:10.1038/nmeth.3336

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    2015-04-15 吴颖

    大脑成像很高大上呀

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