Cancer Prevention Research:食用油反复使用,癌症转移风险会飙升

2019-03-25 佚名 学术经纬

许多人可能会质疑,致癌物真的能升高那么多吗?即便可以,它又真的会导致癌症,或是促进癌症的进展吗?

在许多人的心目中,油炸食品并不健康。一方面,高热量的饮食容易让人发胖,而肥胖是健康大敌;另一方面,在烹饪过程中,为了节省成本,商家往往会反复将食用油加热使用。而这可能带来致癌风险。早在5、6年前,社会上就有“食用油反复使用3次,致癌物升高约10倍”的说法。

这个说法虽然形象地说明了食用油反复使用的潜在危害,却缺乏最直观的结果作为证据。许多人可能会质疑,致癌物真的能升高那么多吗?即便可以,它又真的会导致癌症,或是促进癌症的进展吗?

至少在小鼠模型里,答案是确定的。上周,由伊利诺伊大学香槟分校(UIUC)的科学家主导的一项研究发现,长期摄入反复使用的食用油后,小鼠体内的基因表达状况会发生改变,促进乳腺癌的发展。这项研究发表于《Cancer Prevention Research》。

研究中,科学家们将小鼠分为两组,一组食用新鲜且未经加热的大豆油,另一组则摄入经过高温多次处理的大豆油,摄入量则根据小鼠的体重进行了调整。在16周后,研究人员们又往小鼠体内注射了晚期乳腺癌细胞,观察这些具有侵袭性的细胞在不同小鼠体内会出现怎样的反应。

在注射的20天后,研究人员们开始观察肿瘤细胞的分布。他们发现,那些长期摄入“回锅油”的小鼠,注射部位的原发肿瘤是对照组的4倍!更糟糕的是,这些小鼠体内,肿瘤也更容易出现转移。尽管这些细胞的注射部位是小鼠的胫骨,但短短20天后,就有许多肿瘤转移到了小鼠的肺部。



▲摄入“回锅油”后,小鼠的肿瘤在短期内发生了转移(如第二行系列图片所示)(图片来源:《Cancer Prevention Research》)

“这些小鼠肺部的肿瘤是(对照组的)两倍!而且它们更具有侵袭性。”本研究的负责人,食物科学和人类营养学教授William G. Helferich说道:“我原本以为肺部的这些结块只是小的肿瘤克隆,但它们并不是!它们会进行转化,变得更具有侵袭性。使用新鲜大豆油的小鼠也有转移,但这些转移的肿瘤侵袭性并没有那么严重,增殖的规模也没有那么大。”

随后,研究人员们尝试回答这一现象背后的原因。在实验组小鼠中,研究人员们发现,它们在肺部的转移肿瘤里,一种叫做Ki-67的蛋白水平有明显上升,这种蛋白与细胞的增殖有关。而基因表达分析则发现,相比对照组,实验组小鼠体内有455种基因的表达水平出现了2倍以上的变化,很多都和氧化应激有关。



▲Ki-67蛋白的水平上升了40.2%(图片来源:《Cancer Prevention Research》)

据此,研究人员们提出了他们的假设:在高温下反复使用的油,其中的甘油三酯会断裂,并对游离的脂肪酸进行氧化,使得油中的丙烯醛水平上升。而这种物质已知有致癌属性。在一系列因素下,小鼠的基因表达水平出现了变化,这“至少在一定程度上促进了乳腺癌的转移”。

此外,他们也指出,许多生物学家正在研究肿瘤转移背后的机理,而他们的结果有望将饮食因素也纳入讨论的范畴中。譬如,许多癌症幸存者并没有真正痊愈,他们体内依旧有休眠的癌细胞。如果摄入反复使用的油对癌症的转移有促进作用,或许平时在饮食中多留个心,会是一个明智的选择。当然,目前的这项研究成果还略显简单。这一做法是否有用,还需要更多人类的研究结果。

原始出处:

Anthony Cam, Ashley B. Oyirifi, Yunxian Liu, et al. Thermally Abused Frying Oil Potentiates Metastasis to Lung in a Murine Model of Late-Stage Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) March 18 2019 DOI:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-18-0220.

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    2019-12-15 lhlxtx
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    2019-03-27 yangshch

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据"经济时报"周日报道,在美国食品和药物管理局发现Aurobindo公司抗血压药中的致癌物N-亚硝基二甲胺的含量超过临时可接受的每日摄入量0.083%后,Aurobindo正在美国召回大约50万瓶降血压药物。

质子泵抑制剂可致癌? 用药,你怕了吗

从20世纪80年代至今,以奥美拉唑为代表的“拉唑”们早已深入人心。消化不良来一片,反酸烧心来一片,胃痛胃胀来一片……质子泵抑制剂(PPI)俨然成了家中常有,外出必备的良药,也是消化科大夫的看病神器。与此同时,PPI与时俱进,一代一代繁衍生息,解决了越来越多患者的不适。然而,物极必反,作为一种安全、有效的抑酸剂,PPI在被广泛应用的同时出现了过度应用的趋势,据统计,在PPI的使用者中约有25%-