传统心肺复苏不能恢复自主心律该怎么办?体外心肺复苏专家共识有九个推荐

2018-02-13 佚名 中国循环杂志

传统心肺复苏是心脏骤停治疗的基本手段,但其治疗的患者仅有47%能够恢复自主循环,怎么提高心脏骤停患者出院生存率和神经功能转归?


传统心肺复苏是心脏骤停治疗的基本手段,但其治疗的患者仅有47%能够恢复自主循环,怎么提高心脏骤停患者出院生存率和神经功能转归?
 
体外心肺复苏有一定优势,与传统心肺复苏相比,能够恢复自主循环的患者可达95%,出院生存率及出院患者的良好神经功能恢复率明显提高。
 
体外心肺复苏(ECPR)是指在潜在的、可逆病因能够祛除的前提下,对已使用传统心肺复苏不能恢复自主心律或反复心脏骤停而不能维持自主心律的患者快速实施静动脉体外膜肺氧合、提供暂时的循环及氧合支持的技术。
 
为了更好指导急诊体外心肺复苏的规范开展,中华医学会急诊医学分会复苏学组和成人体外心肺复苏专家共识组专门制定了共识
 
其中推荐意见如下:
 
1.对于可逆病因导致的心脏骤停患者,经传统心肺复苏治疗不能恢复自主循环或反复心脏骤停不能维持自主心律的患者,如果患者和医院的条件允许,可考虑及时使用体外心肺复苏辅助循环及氧合。
 
2.体外心肺复苏提高患者存活率的机制包括增加全身组织器官血流及氧供,减轻组织缺血缺氧损伤,促进心脏功能恢复,保护脑功能等。
 
3.目前并无统一的体外心肺复苏的适应证,但强调适用于由可逆因素导致的心脏骤停,且患者家庭经济条件和医院的技术条件允许,体外心肺复苏前尽早实施不间断高质量心肺复苏,体外心肺复苏开始的时间以20 min 内合适,最迟不能超过60 min。
 
4.离心泵和中空纤维膜肺是体外循环设备的核心。耗材型号与管路型号要同患者体型相匹配。体外循环的管路可使用等渗透压晶体液进行预冲并储存备用,以尽可能缩短开始体外心肺复苏的时间。
 
5.每家医院应该针对院内外心脏骤停患者建立进行体外心肺复苏的详细流程。如果符合体外心肺复苏的适应证,在实施常规高质量复苏的同时,快速有效地进行置管和连接体外膜肺氧合设备。置管方法首选超声引导下经皮股血管置管。
 
6.体外膜肺氧合运行后,仍需积极进行心脏骤停的病因筛查和针对性治疗。急性心肌梗死患者需尽早进行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗。已实施体外心肺复苏但仍昏迷的患者,需进行目标性体温管理来改善神经系统预后。体外心肺复苏期间需要重点监测平均动脉压、混合静脉血氧饱和度、红细胞压积、激活全血凝固时间及插管侧肢体的灌注情况。
 
7.符合撤机指征时才可谨慎考虑撤除静动脉体外膜肺氧合支持。去除导管的方法取决于置管方法,需警惕拔出导管后形成血管并发症。
 
8.体外心肺复苏的并发症发生几率较高,其中出血是最常见的并发症。
 
9.目前研究认为体外心肺复苏能够提高患者生存率,改善神经系统功能。经体外心肺复苏治疗的患者,其预后与多个因素相关,其中门到体外膜肺氧合的时间长短是最主要的影响因素。

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    2019-01-30 aids222
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    2018-02-19 杨利洪

    学习了提高了

    0

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    2018-02-15 yfjms

    学习

    0

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    2018-02-15 lizhou0204
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    2018-02-14 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-02-13 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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