MedRxiv:中外科学家发现病毒检测新方法,可在现场检测,45分钟内出结果

2020-02-26 王芳 王芳

王芳

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2或2019-nCoV)威胁着全球健康,尽管它与SARS-CoV非常相似,但是传染性却更大。现有的RT-qPCR检测方法往往需要昂贵的设备和训练有素的专业人员。在这种情况下,亟需开发出一种快速、准确且能够在现场检测病毒的方法。

2月25日,预印本网站 medRxiv 发布了分别由沈阳化工大学应用生物学研究所所长尹秀山博士团队和美国密歇根皇家橡树博蒙特Michael B Chancellor团队带来的报告,揭示了中外科学家通过逆转录环介导等温扩增(RT-LAMP)技术探索出快速检测病毒的新方法,这两种方法不仅操作简单、能在现场使用,并且可以在45分钟内出检测结果。

RT-LAMP是一种将环介导等温扩增(LAMP)以及反转录相结合,直接检测出RNA的技术,当它与反应混合物中的pH指示剂耦合时,人们可以通过颜色的变化知道检测结果。
 
iLACO可检测出低至10个拷贝的ORF1ab基因
 
尹秀山博士团队开发出一种经过优化的、基于恒温LAMP的检测方法——iLACO(isothermal LAMP based method forCOVID-19)并对其进行了验证。

在研究中,研究人员制备了多个反应物,其中包含合成ORF1ab基因序列的基因稀释液(从1,000,000到10份拷贝),结果发现iLACO非常敏感,能够检测到低至10份拷贝的ORF1ab基因。为了进一步扩大iLACO的检测能力,研究人员将新型核酸染料GeneFinderTM添加至反应混合物中,在65℃温育一段时间后放在蓝光下,发现阳性组肉眼可见明显的绿色荧光,而阴性组则保持粉色不变。
 

阳性组和阴性组在蓝光下呈现不同颜色

最后,研究人员使用iLACO评估了2020年沈阳市疫情爆发期间经过RT-qPCR初诊的43个样本,结果显示,97.6%(42/43)经qPT-PCR验证的样品与2 µl样本孵育40分钟后显示出一致的信号,只有一个样本在50分钟后颜色保持不变,表明低剂量病毒会导致假阴性或自发性阴性信号。
 
目前,RT-qPCR检测大多使用5µl样品输入,因此研究人员检测了增加样本量是否有助于检测,发现此时的检测结果不一致。研究人员认为,或许是由于使用自动RNA提取工作站时,RNA稀释缓冲液中存在Tris或EDTA所致,这可以通过调整所用缓冲液的浓度来优化。

RT-LAMP 63°C下温育30分钟可获最佳扩增结果

在Michael B Chancellor团队带来的报告中,研究人员使用由COVID-19武汉-湖-1(Wuhan-Hu-1)完整基因组(MN908947)的核苷酸2941-3420设计的COVID-19 PCR标准,对几种引物、温度范围(57-65°C)和孵育时间(15-45分钟)进行了检测,确定了RT-LAMP的最佳条件。在63°C下温育30分钟可获得最佳扩增结果。
 
研究人员对COVID-19、MERS、BtCoV以及MHV病毒进行了系统特异性测试,发现该系统仅对COVID-19的样本有反应,使用人体血清、尿液、唾液、口咽拭子和鼻咽拭子均可成功地完成RT-LAMP。


从左至右分别为血清、尿液、唾液、鼻咽拭子、口咽拭子的检测结果

另外,研究人员还将RT-LAMP引物的序列与SARS和与感冒相关的冠状病毒的序列进行了比对,结果发现这些冠状病毒与RT-LAMP引物存在27-54%的核苷酸不匹配,这表明它们不可能检测出RT-LAMP阳性结果。考虑到病毒可能发生突变,研究人员还检查了RT-LAMP引物是否与来自其他地点的27个不同COVID-19分离株存在不匹配现象,结果发现不匹配度为0。
 

RT-LAMP引物与其他冠状病毒的比对结果
 
尽管这项研究存在一些局限,比如COVID-19是生物安全级别,由于无法直接检测相关病毒而使用了来自这些病毒相同区域的核苷酸寡核苷酸,但是这些实验确实证明了该方法的可行性以及对COVID-19的特异性,对于潜在感染者的筛查和病毒检测具有很大的价值。

这两项研究旨在寻找到比RT-qPCR检测更加快速、准确且简单易上手的病毒检测方法,这些方法对于社区和普通人群检测是否感染病毒具有重要意义。

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    2020-10-21 kord1982
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日前,FDA前任局长Scott Gottlieb博士和明尼苏达大学传染病研究与政策中心Dr. Michael Osterholm在接受媒体采访时表示,不再对全球控制新冠病毒疫情,避免大流行抱有任何乐观幻想了。随着越来越多国家,包括欧洲英国、意大利、亚洲伊朗、南韩、日本,越南等;非洲埃及等最新报告新增冠状病毒案例。两位业界权威人士认为美国现在唯一做的,也是必须立即做的是为更多确诊冠状病毒病例做好准备

Emerg Microbes Infec:肛门拭子也能检测到新冠病毒!

近日,中科院武汉病毒研究所周鹏、石正丽等发现,在新冠病毒感染者中,除了咽拭子,肛门拭子和血液中也均能检测到新冠病毒的存在,说明新冠病毒可能会通过粪口和血液途径传播。

Cell Host & Microbe:比较新冠病毒、SARS与MERS

近日,发表在《Cell Host & Microbe》上的一项研究中,研究人员分析了三种新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)基因组,并确定了与其他病毒基因组包括SARS(SARS-CoV)和MERS(MERS-CoV)冠状病毒的差异和相似性。

Nature: 新冠疫情会成为大流行吗?国外病例激增引起广泛担忧

随着中国境外的新冠病毒感染病例激增,科学家担心该病毒的传播不久将变得不可遏制。一些科学家甚至在咕哝那个p词:pandemic(大流行)。