BMJ:痔疮所致的下消化道大出血——病例报道

2016-05-11 MedSci MedSci原创

BMJ:痔疮所致的下消化道大出血——病例报道女性患者,70岁,下消化道大量出血,且没有因大量输血和循环支持而减少。CT显示出血部位为上痔丛静脉——静脉造影15分钟后的图像(图1所示)清楚地显示了痔丛处出现明显的对比(直线和虚线箭头所指)且对比集中在直肠部位(星号)。肠系膜下动脉的终止部位(开放箭头)和左髂内动脉(细箭头)也可以看到。对患者上痔丛进行结扎,手术成功,避免了开腹手术。痔疮所造成的大出血

女性患者,70岁,下消化道大量出血,且没有因大量输血和循环支持而减少。

CT显示出血部位为上痔丛——静脉造影15分钟后的图像(下图所示)清楚地显示了痔丛处出现明显的对比(直线和虚线箭头所指),且对比集中在直肠部位(星号)。肠系膜下动脉的终止部位(开放箭头)和左髂内动脉(细箭头)也可以看到。



对患者上痔丛进行结扎,手术成功,避免了开腹手术。

痔疮所造成的大出血很罕见但是却可能危及生命。

补充:

屈氏韧带以下的消化道(包括空、回肠,结肠与直肠)称下消化道。上述部位的病变引起的出血称便血,即下消化道出血,表现为血液由肛门排出,或者血液与粪便一同排出,血色多呈鲜红或暗红。痔出血是由于排便时腹内压增高,导致痔内静脉丛血压增高,加上硬粪块的直接擦损使痔破裂所致。

下消化道少量出血(少于500ml)时,可很快被机体代偿而不引起明显症状;当出血量超过800~1000ml以上时,尤其是在较短期内丢失者,均可有头昏、乏力、心悸、脉搏加快、血压下降、皮肤苍白等表现,更严重者可出现休克的表现。

有失血性休克者应卧床休息,去枕平卧,给予吸氧。严密观察神志、呼吸及脉搏、血压等生命体征,并应观察便血的量及色泽,记录尿量。对于便血量大、贫血明显或已发生休克者,应积极补充血容量。或联合应用止血性药物,积极明确出血部位或病因,对于检查及治疗后仍不能止血或不能确立诊断者,可行外科手术探查。

原始出处:

Andrew Jackson, Andrew Renwick,Andrew Hunter,Mark Vella. Massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to haemorrhoids. BMJ 2016; 353 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2407 (Published 11 May 2016)Cite this as: BMJ 2016;353:i2407

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    2017-04-03 gaoxiaoe
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    2016-05-13 zxxiang
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    2016-05-13 cmsvly
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