PLoS Pathog:研究发现导致结肠直肠癌的“罪魁祸首”!

2017-07-16 佚名 来宝网

最近的研究发现,一种细菌可以驱使结肠直肠癌的肿瘤生长,这是癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。

最近的研究发现,一种细菌可以驱使结肠直肠癌的肿瘤生长,这是癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。

人类肠道通常容纳数万亿种不同的微生物。虽然这些微生物对人类健康至关重要,但研究也显示了一些肠道细菌和不同肠道疾病(包括结肠直肠癌)之间的联系。

结肠直肠癌是美国癌症相关死亡的第二大原因,每年约有14万美国人被诊断患有这种疾病,有5万多人死于此病。

新研究检查了称为溶血性链球菌亚种溶血性黄杆菌(Sg)的细菌与结肠直肠癌之间的联系。

以前的研究指出了结肠直肠癌与Sg之间的联系,但到目前为止,Sg如何促进病情尚未明确。

具体来说,不知道细菌本身是否主动驱动结肠直肠癌,或者如果Sg是疾病的结果 - 也就是说,如果癌性肿瘤是Sg发展的有利环境。

这项新研究旨在研究可能构成Sg与结肠直肠癌之间联系的确切机制。

该研究的第一作者是Bryan得克萨斯A&M大学健康科学中心的Ritesh Kumar,该发现出现在PLOS病原体杂志上。

Sg积极促进癌症扩散

Kumar及其同事检测了来自人类肿瘤的体外人类细胞培养物和组织,以及在小鼠中进行实验。

在细胞培养中,科学家与Sg一起生长结肠直肠癌细胞。这些实验显示Sg有助于结肠直肠癌细胞增殖。此外,他们表明,Sg驱动结肠直肠癌细胞增殖取决于Sg细菌的生长期,只有当细菌和癌细胞直接接触时。

科学家还研究了细菌分泌物或其他来自Sg的代谢物是否会驱使癌细胞增殖,但他们发现,这些不足以促进癌细胞生长。

此外,研究人员研究了Sg对已知在结直肠癌发展中起关键作用的蛋白质的影响:β-连环蛋白。正如作者所解释的那样,“Wnt /β-连环蛋白信号通路调节细胞命运和增殖,并且是结肠肿瘤发生的关键途径”。

因此,研究人员检查了β-连环蛋白对响应性和无反应性细胞的影响。

试验结果表明,当β-连环蛋白被抑制时,Sg不能驱动癌细胞的增殖。这向研究人员建议,Sg使用β-连环蛋白信号通路来驱动结肠直肠癌细胞增殖。

此外,Kumar和团队将Sg注射到已被设计用于开发结肠直肠癌的小鼠中,并与注射不同细菌的对照组相比监测其肿瘤生长。

接受Sg的结肠直肠癌小鼠比对照小鼠发展出更多的肿瘤。这些小鼠也产生更多的β-连环蛋白,这表明癌症的严重程度增加。

最后,科学家还检查了100多人结肠直肠癌的健康组织和肿瘤组织。他们发现约74%的肿瘤组织被Sg感染

到目前为止,已经怀疑结肠直肠癌患者可能具有潜在的Sg感染,但是在这些患者中可能存在多少流行的Sg尚未得到充分的研究。作者总结:

“[调查结果]表明,Sg积极促进结肠癌细胞增殖和肿瘤生长,这表明它不是一个无辜的”乘客“,这些结果代表了理解Sg与CRC [结肠直肠癌]之间关系的重要一步。

最后,Kumar及其同事希望通过未来的研究,将更好地了解推动肿瘤形成的机制,从而帮助科学家改进“癌症诊断预防和治疗”。

原始出处:
Kumar R, Herold JL, Schady D, et al.Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus promotes colorectal tumor development.PLoS Pathog. 2017 Jul 13;13(7):e1006440. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006440. eCollection 2017 Jul.

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    2017-07-25 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

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    2017-07-17 ylzr123

    感谢小编为我们准备了如此丰盛的精神大餐,同时也向作者致谢!认真学习了,点赞!

    0

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    2017-07-16 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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日前报道的2项大规模的研究称,BRAF基因的突变会影响阿司匹林使用与罹患结直肠癌风险之间的关联,常规服用阿司匹林与野生型BRAF结肠直肠癌风险的降低有关,但与变异型BRAF结肠直肠癌风险的降低无关。上述发现提示,变异型BRAF结肠肿瘤细胞可能对阿司匹林的效应缺乏敏感。该研究在线发表于《美国医学会杂志》6月26日一期。结肠直肠癌是全球癌症死亡的首要原因。文章的背景信息中这样描述:随机对照试验已经证明

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癌症扩散是癌症最致命的方面,癌症扩散的传统模式是从原发肿瘤,扩散到附近的淋巴结,以及其他器官。然而,来自马萨诸塞州总医院(MGH)的研究人员发现这一扩散机制并不是在所有情况下都适用。他们的报告发表于7月7日的《科学》杂志中,研究人员描述发现,对于大多数结直肠癌患者来说,他们的肿瘤独立于任何淋巴结进行“遥远”转移。

Cell Report:NOD2基因突变导致炎症性肠炎和结肠直肠癌的原因

NOD2通过下调TLR信号通路在结肠中抑制炎症和肿瘤发生中发挥关键作用。这项研究为为什么NOD2基因突变会引起炎症性肠炎和结肠直肠肿瘤给出了相关解释。

JAMA:一线化疗联合Cetuximab 或 Bevacizumab对KRAS野生型晚期或转移性结肠直肠癌患者生存的影响

在KRAS wt未经治疗的晚期或转移性结肠直肠癌患者刚开始接受治疗时,将Cetuximab或Bevacizumab联用于化疗无统计学差异