国内PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂亟需冷静

2019-09-24 大叔 大叔快评

无论从创新、资本还是临床需求的角度分析,我们真的需要这么多PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂吗?5年前是需要(promising太诱人)、3年前是maybe(看不清),现在真心不需要(too much,已上市5款)。

无论从创新、资本还是临床需求的角度分析,我们真的需要这么多PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂吗?5年前是需要(promising太诱人)、3年前是maybe(看不清),现在真心不需要(too much,已上市5款)。

在刚刚结束的2019CSCO年会上,CDE高级审评员张虹博士在她的主题报告《抗PD-1/PD-L1肿瘤免疫治疗临床研发与审评考量》中,披露了一组数据,由此我们可以寻找到一些线索和审评部门对PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的态度。



2017年到2019年NMPA抗肿瘤药物NDA批准数量呈增加趋势,2017年11个,2018年18个,2019年15个(截至到8月,包含首次适应症以及增加适应症)。到2019年底有望持平或超过2018年的水平。


关于《申报抗PD-1/PD-L1抗体上市的资料数据基本要求》,2018年2月8日CDE已经发布电子刊物,关于《抗PD-1/PD-L1单抗单臂关键临床研究设计要点的考虑》已经完成内部征求意见等待发表。

2019CSCO期间,马军教授在接受采访时说在PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂方面,进展可谓极其迅速,共有5种PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂已经获批(2种进口及3种国产),此外另有38种PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂正在审批中。您没有看错,38种PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂等待批准。

从CDE披露的国内抗PD-1/PD-L单抗临床研发情况看,最为拥挤的适应症是cHL(经典霍奇金淋巴瘤),有8款PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂已经进入临床研究,如果入组已经结束或正在进行中,数据非常漂亮,还有一丝希望批准上市,否则获批都难,连打价格战的资格都没有。


从NDA申报审批的情况分析,帕博利珠单抗申请的适应症数量最多,14个,2个获得NMPA,其次是纳武利尤单抗,10个,NMPA批准1个,Atezolizumab 4个,Durvalumab 2个,Avelumab 2个,Cemiplimab1个,特瑞普利单抗1个(NMPA批准),信迪利单抗1个(NMPA批准),卡瑞利珠单抗3个(1个NMPA批准),替雷利珠单抗2个。2款PD-1抑制剂的适应症为cHL,还有1款在批准的路上。看着这张满当当的表格,想逃离的念头油然而生。

为什么大家都冲向cHL这么一个狭窄的治疗领域,因为cHL作为罕见肿瘤,CDE开放了单臂关键临床研究NDA的通路,目的在于鼓励国产PD-1抑制剂早日上市,解决患者临床可及的问题,政策层面有了利好。技术层面,纳武利尤单抗和帕博利珠单抗均在cHL获得成功,让PD-1们信心满满地去追随探路者的成功,最大程度降低临床研究失败概率,从而实现从小适应症切入,抢先上市,再扩展到大适应症的上市策略。

聪明的策略没有问题,问题是大家都这样思考做决定,拥挤就是今天的必然结果,平均智商120以上的投资者看不见吗?当然不是,而是没有退路,骑虎难下,只能硬着头皮上,寄希望于“我比别人快”和“万一对方不小心失手了呢”的对赌心态,毕竟要给投资者一个故事一点希望。现在看来,弯道超车是不大可能了,没有弯道翻车已是万幸。2款进口和3款国产PD-1抑制剂上市后,临床可及的问题得到缓解,平抑PD-1抑制剂市场价格的“副作用”初步体现。之后,没有亮眼的有效性,比如CDE所指的HR小于0.45,靠单臂临床研究获批适应症,可能性极低。更多的方向在PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的联合,与已经批准产品的适应症扩展。CDE给出了几个方向。

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    2020-07-13 jklm09
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    2019-09-26 smartjoy
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