ACC 2018:美国心房颤动筛查的费-效比研究

2018-03-14 高秀芳 中国医学论坛报今日循环

美国当地时间3月11日,在ACC 2018“原创研究亮点:心律失常与临床电生理的年度回顾”专题中,Soeren Mattke教授发布了美国心房颤动筛查费-效比研究的结果。本文特邀复旦大学附属华山医院高秀芳副主任医师点评该研究。

美国当地时间3月11日,在ACC 2018“原创研究亮点:心律失常与临床电生理的年度回顾”专题中,Soeren Mattke教授发布了美国心房颤筛查费-效比研究的结果。本文特邀复旦大学附属华山医院高秀芳副主任医师点评该研究。

研究背景

房颤动作为最常见的心律失常,在老年人中的患病率高达12.3%,但24.6%的患者未被及时诊断。在美国,≥15%的卒中源于房颤。房颤可能无症状、常常是阵发性的,这使得及早发现房颤常存在困难。

目前的证据不足以权衡房颤筛查的费用和益处,前瞻性临床研究正在进行,但预计几年内尚无结果。目前的临床现状是未进行常规的房颤系统性筛查。

该研究从美国付费的角度,比较了延时、单次筛查与无系统性筛查(临床现状)的费-效比。

研究的目的和方法

在75岁人群中进行延时和单次系统性筛查非瓣膜性房颤(NVAF),比较两种筛查方法的费-效比,并使用Markov模型对检出房颤的患者进行口服抗凝治疗,与无筛查组进行费-效比比较。

无系统性筛查组:

单次筛查组:使用12导联心电图筛查一次

延时筛查组:使用Zenicor(便携式单导联心电图仪)进行14天的筛查,每天常规查两次心电图,当患者有症状时应加查心电图。



图1 Zenicor便携式单导联心电图仪



图2 Markov模型

筛查的设备、保险单,以及费-效比评价中涉及的人群特点(包括房颤患病率、房颤类型的分布、队列年龄、背景筛查的检出率)均来自STROKESTOP研究。Zenicor和12导联心电图的筛查效率数据来自STROKESTOP研究和SAFE研究。



图3 本研究所采用的假设与参数及其来源

研究结果

两种筛查方式都具有绝对健康获益,Zenicor筛查的获益明显高于单次心电图筛查,每千位患者生存期增加16生命年。筛查组在提高NVAF检出率、预防缺血性卒中的同时,提高了出血性卒中和颅内出血(图4)。



图4 筛查的绝对健康获益

房颤筛查的费-效比分析显示,单次心电图组每增加一个生活质量调整生命年,需要付出59,000美元,Zenicor组为48,000美元。单次心电图组每避免一例卒中,需要付出185,000美元,Zenicor组为149,000美元。从费-效比上看,Zenicor优于单次心电图筛查(图5)。



图5 筛查的费-效比分析

在Zenicor筛查中,对于不抗凝与抗凝卒中风险比越高的患者,筛查的费-效比越低;卒中率越高的患者,费-效比越低。这两个因素是筛查获益最明显的人群(图6)。



图6 延时筛查组单因素灵敏度分析

在单次心电图筛查中,也同样看到,对于不抗凝与抗凝卒中风险比越高的患者,筛查的费-效比越低;卒中率越高的患者,费-效比越低。这两个因素是筛查获益最明显的人群(图7)。



图7 单次心电图筛查组单因素灵敏度分析

与不进行常规筛查相比,Zenicor筛查组94%的模拟数据是费-效比获益的,而单次心电图筛查组89%的模拟数据是费-效比获益的(图8)。



图8 概率灵敏度分析

研究的局限性

房颤的背景筛查检出率的证据仍比较有限。

虽然卒中风险与房颤负荷有关,但本研究将其简化为阵发性与永久性/持续性房颤的比较。

房颤患者卒中风险的基线水平数据来自于ARISTOTLE研究,也许与真实世界有差异。

房颤未检出率(被Zenicor检出)的假定是借鉴在瑞典进行的STROKESTOP研究的观察结果。

“不确定”心电图的读图成本未计算在内。

Zenicor成本计算是基于瑞典的报销数据。

研究结论

房颤筛查具有预防房颤相关卒中的潜能。

在75岁人群中应用Zenicor筛查14天或12导联心电图筛查一次,具有传统标准可接受的费用-效率有效性。

越高卒中风险人群的获益越大。

本研究结果提示房颤筛查具有足够的费-效比获益,但仍需要进一步的直接证据。

评论

为房颤筛查的获益提供了具体数据

临床上,房颤患者常常是卒中后才被发现,房颤的高患病率与低知晓率之间的差距,是造成房颤患者低抗凝率的重要原因,从理论上讲,提高房颤检出率,及早抗凝,有利于卒中的预防,但同时增加了筛查和服用抗凝药物以及增加出血风险等的成本。因此,筛查是不是值得进行,本研究的结果给出了具体的得益数据,使得房颤筛查的价值有了临床证据。

为寻找适宜进行房颤筛查的对象提供了参考依据

从费-效比考虑,房颤筛查不适宜所有人群,越是卒中高危的患者获益越大。本研究的结果提示75岁的普通人群进行常规筛查是有益的,卒中风险越大的患者获益越大,因此我们对≥75岁或卒中高危因素较多的患者进行筛查,将是有依据的。

为房颤筛查的频度和方法提供了参考依据

房颤筛查频度越高,检出率必然越高,但是时间成本、读图成本也越高,设置怎样的筛查频率和筛查方法,既能提供足够的检出率又具有可接受的时间成本、读图成本,是进行人群常规筛查需要明确的问题。本研究的结果提示,每天两次(有症状时加做一次),持续两周的单导联心电图筛查是可接受的频度和方法。

对我国房颤筛查的启发

我国房颤筛查的成本效率与美国不同,对于怎样的人群才适宜进行常规筛查需要有中国自己的费-效比数据,将来这方面的研究设计可以参考本研究的数据。

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    2018-04-07 杨利洪

    学习了分享一下

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    2018-03-24 杨利洪

    学习了分享一下

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=303475, encodeId=2aa03034e50a, content=学习了分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Apr 07 07:44:20 CST 2018, time=2018-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=299281, encodeId=4e7529928175, content=学习了分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Mar 24 15:16:27 CST 2018, time=2018-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=297655, encodeId=f07c29e65588, content=学习了分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Mon Mar 19 07:36:36 CST 2018, time=2018-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1325753, encodeId=2c0d1325e531a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=96c71804b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1804, encryptionId=96c71804b7, topicName=ACC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e452500029, createdName=12498568m50暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 14:01:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1626873, encodeId=027816268e3fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986a5101e46' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51017, encryptionId=986a5101e46, topicName=心房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20ba21064884, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 14:01:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296638, encodeId=49f429663875, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 06:12:03 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296398, encodeId=1b4229639845, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Mar 15 07:22:29 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296387, encodeId=7b4329638ee3, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 15 07:20:15 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296369, encodeId=4fd1296369e3, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Mar 15 06:58:24 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296353, encodeId=5a4e296353ae, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 15 06:41:55 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-19 杨利洪

    学习了分享一下

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=303475, encodeId=2aa03034e50a, content=学习了分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Apr 07 07:44:20 CST 2018, time=2018-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=299281, encodeId=4e7529928175, content=学习了分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Mar 24 15:16:27 CST 2018, time=2018-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=297655, encodeId=f07c29e65588, content=学习了分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Mon Mar 19 07:36:36 CST 2018, time=2018-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1325753, encodeId=2c0d1325e531a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=96c71804b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1804, encryptionId=96c71804b7, topicName=ACC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e452500029, createdName=12498568m50暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 14:01:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1626873, encodeId=027816268e3fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986a5101e46' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51017, encryptionId=986a5101e46, topicName=心房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20ba21064884, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 14:01:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296638, encodeId=49f429663875, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 06:12:03 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296398, encodeId=1b4229639845, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Mar 15 07:22:29 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296387, encodeId=7b4329638ee3, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 15 07:20:15 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296369, encodeId=4fd1296369e3, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Mar 15 06:58:24 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296353, encodeId=5a4e296353ae, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 15 06:41:55 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=303475, encodeId=2aa03034e50a, content=学习了分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Apr 07 07:44:20 CST 2018, time=2018-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=299281, encodeId=4e7529928175, content=学习了分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Sat Mar 24 15:16:27 CST 2018, time=2018-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=297655, encodeId=f07c29e65588, content=学习了分享一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/21/39b6a0099eb602e8ac1f7e10d5d440a9.jpg, createdBy=dee01724555, createdName=杨利洪, createdTime=Mon Mar 19 07:36:36 CST 2018, time=2018-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1325753, encodeId=2c0d1325e531a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=96c71804b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1804, encryptionId=96c71804b7, topicName=ACC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e452500029, createdName=12498568m50暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 14:01:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1626873, encodeId=027816268e3fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986a5101e46' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心房#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51017, encryptionId=986a5101e46, topicName=心房)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20ba21064884, createdName=sodoo, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 14:01:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296638, encodeId=49f429663875, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a8f22260741, createdName=121832a9m88暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Mar 16 06:12:03 CST 2018, time=2018-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296398, encodeId=1b4229639845, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Mar 15 07:22:29 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296387, encodeId=7b4329638ee3, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 15 07:20:15 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296369, encodeId=4fd1296369e3, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Mar 15 06:58:24 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=296353, encodeId=5a4e296353ae, content=了解了解.继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Mar 15 06:41:55 CST 2018, time=2018-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-16 sodoo
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    2018-03-16 121832a9m88暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2018-03-15 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2018-03-15 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

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    2018-03-15 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-03-15 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.继续关注

    0

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