Lancet Diab & Endo:刀尖上的舞蹈—盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂在CKD患者中的应用

2014-12-05 MedSci MedSci原创

2010全球疾病负担排行中,慢性肾脏病(CKD)被定义为1990-2010年间增长最快的三大致死性疾病之一。CKD患者有着高于常人3-5倍的心血管事件风险。心血管事件是CKD患者最常见的患病形式和死亡形式,尽管CKD患者面临着如此严峻的生存挑战,现在对CKD透析患者心血管疾病发病有效的预防管理方案。人们的注意力逐渐转移到盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂上(如螺内酯,依普利酮),之所以对CKD及透析患者应用盐皮

2010全球疾病负担排行中,慢性肾脏病(CKD)被定义为1990-2010年间增长最快的三大致死性疾病之一。CKD患者有着高于常人3-5倍的心血管事件风险。心血管事件是CKD患者最常见的患病形式和死亡形式,尽管CKD患者面临着如此严峻的生存挑战,却很少有对CKD透析患者心血管疾病发病有效的预防管理方案。

人们的注意力逐渐转移到盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂上(如螺内酯,依普利酮),之所以对CKD及透析患者应用盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂,是源于人们观察到盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂对CKD患者心血管系统的潜在益处。其机制涉及以下:心血管重塑,胶原纤维化逆转,减弱氧化应激,改善内皮功能等多方面。

在2009年,Edwards及其团队报道了自己在CKD患者身上开阵的一项随机对照实验,显示在慢性肾病的患者在使用ACEI或者ARB类药物的同时联用螺内酯能够降低左心室体积,同时减轻动脉僵硬度,而左心扩大和动脉硬化二者均是终末期肾脏病发生心血管事件的独立预测因素。在2014年Matsumoto团队首次报道了一项在CKD透析患者群开展的非盲随机实验(Dialysis Outcomes
Heart Failure Aldactone Study [DOHAS]),这项实验评估了透析的终末期肾脏病人的脑血管事件发生情况。DOHAS实验309名有着球蛋白尿症状的患者,一部分接受盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂(25mg/day),另一部分常规处理。使用安体舒通后,不管是主要结果(因为心脑血管事件死亡或再次住院)还是次要结果(全因死亡率),治疗组都显著降低,两组主要结果分别是5.7%和12.5%,次要结果分别是6.4%和19.7%。

盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂的对CKD和终末肾脏病患者中的应用价值应该被进一步实验验证,新的思路包括全新的选择性的盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂药物的引入。Finerenone就是一个新兴、非固醇类、高选择性的盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂,在动物试验中已被证实具有心血管保护作用,Finerenone在心脏和肾脏的分布几乎等量,这一点和依普利酮完全不同,依普利酮在大鼠肾脏内的分布比在心脏高出了至少三倍。因此Finerenone可能有着更为显著的抗心脏重塑作用,而有着更小的肾脏保钾利尿作用。随着近年来对新的盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂类药物的研发速度,具有不同物理化学特性的和亲和度的药物不久就会为临床所用。

之所以临床医师不敢用盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂,高钾血症是症结所在。肾内科的医生不愿意在CKD患者以及终末期肾脏病患者身上使用盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂,就是因为螺内酯等药物的使用会带来的潜在的高钾血副作用。

盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂在估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)小于30ml/min(以1.73m^2计)时是禁用的。其实,胃肠道钾离子口服聚合物吸附剂的使用可以打消我们的顾虑,最近的一项研究显示口服吸附剂patiromer和ZS-9可以有效降低血清钾离子浓度,维持同期遵循指南服用肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统抑制剂的心衰病人的血浆钾离子始终在正常浓度范围。

新兴的安全的高血钾防治方案的应用将克服临床医师的盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂禁忌顾虑,允许对患者采用更佳的治疗方案;肾素血管紧张素抑制剂+盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂。
 
研究者在结尾呼吁:也许我们该重拾盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂在CKD和终末期肾病的应用价值。慢性肾脏病患者身上盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂的应用正如在刀剑上跳舞,巧妙使用可以获得巨大价值。毕竟,盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂的合理使用,会显著降低这些高风险患者的健康监护花销,降低了心脑血管等严重事件的严重发生。
 
Murray Epstein Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists: part of an emerging treatment paradigm for chronic kidney disease The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology.1 December 2014 ( Vol. 2, Issue 12, Pages 925-927 ) DOI:10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70216-5

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    2015-08-01 sundong

    那蛮好

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706478, encodeId=80e11e064783d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0510e227652' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72276, encryptionId=0510e227652, topicName=盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=274b31274626, createdName=1194695146_61857357, createdTime=Mon Mar 23 15:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636979, encodeId=51e716369e923, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Mon Sep 07 00:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33955, encodeId=5b3033955b2, content=那蛮好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3ykRSkuxjt93yc9tvDWfIQItrwiaKSCps5kyrTyDlwic2FgoCWe88wR3ZiaggKYGueDIp26zVgnbzriaQ/0, createdBy=89d71602869, createdName=sundong, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 11:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1768828, encodeId=482b1e6882843, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=51cd4e9650' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CKD患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4796, encryptionId=51cd4e9650, topicName=CKD患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9fa237912269, createdName=12498f17m78暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 23:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827940, encodeId=e663182e94098, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 15:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26413, encodeId=a9f3264132c, content=好好学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=ac181616815, createdName=ljjj1053, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 17:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20277, encodeId=6f8a202e74d, content=AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 22:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1511626, encodeId=253915116261c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=90d75628960' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#拮抗剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56289, encryptionId=90d75628960, topicName=拮抗剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=474c10379153, createdName=ms5236388012055669, createdTime=Sun Dec 07 01:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1600230, encodeId=d0681600230ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3565e21649e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮质激素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72164, encryptionId=3565e21649e, topicName=皮质激素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cb1a18781011, createdName=bbwznl, createdTime=Sun Dec 07 01:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-15 howi
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706478, encodeId=80e11e064783d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0510e227652' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72276, encryptionId=0510e227652, topicName=盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=274b31274626, createdName=1194695146_61857357, createdTime=Mon Mar 23 15:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636979, encodeId=51e716369e923, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Mon Sep 07 00:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=33955, encodeId=5b3033955b2, content=那蛮好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3ykRSkuxjt93yc9tvDWfIQItrwiaKSCps5kyrTyDlwic2FgoCWe88wR3ZiaggKYGueDIp26zVgnbzriaQ/0, createdBy=89d71602869, createdName=sundong, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 11:48:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1768828, encodeId=482b1e6882843, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=51cd4e9650' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CKD患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4796, encryptionId=51cd4e9650, topicName=CKD患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9fa237912269, createdName=12498f17m78暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jan 06 23:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827940, encodeId=e663182e94098, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Wed Apr 15 15:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26413, encodeId=a9f3264132c, content=好好学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=ac181616815, createdName=ljjj1053, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 17:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20277, encodeId=6f8a202e74d, content=AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=86, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 22:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1511626, encodeId=253915116261c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=90d75628960' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#拮抗剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56289, encryptionId=90d75628960, topicName=拮抗剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=474c10379153, createdName=ms5236388012055669, createdTime=Sun Dec 07 01:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1600230, encodeId=d0681600230ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3565e21649e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#皮质激素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72164, encryptionId=3565e21649e, topicName=皮质激素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cb1a18781011, createdName=bbwznl, createdTime=Sun Dec 07 01:19:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-08 ljjj1053

    好好学习学习

    0

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    2015-04-11 x35042875

    AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性

    0

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