Nat Genet:涵盖70万人迄今为止大规模研究 科学家探寻诱发肥胖的基因

2018-01-15 佚名 “细胞”微信号

不仅仅是饮食和体育锻炼,你的基因也能够决定减肥和增肥的容易程度;近日一项刊登在国际杂志Nature Genetics上的研究报告中,来自美国西奈山伊坎医学院等机构的研究人员通过研究发现了13个基因所携带的突变和机体体重指数(BMI)直接相关,这项研究中,研究人员首次进行了大规模的研究来寻找可能直接影响机体基因功能的突变。

不仅仅是饮食和体育锻炼,你的基因也能够决定减肥和增肥的容易程度;近日一项刊登在国际杂志Nature Genetics上的研究报告中,来自美国西奈山伊坎医学院等机构的研究人员通过研究发现了13个基因所携带的突变和机体体重指数(BMI)直接相关,这项研究中,研究人员首次进行了大规模的研究来寻找可能直接影响机体基因功能的突变。

在过去10年里,研究人员对成千上万人进行全基因组测序来寻找和肥胖、BMI相关的遗传突变,截止到目前为止,研究人员所鉴别出的这些遗传突变也仅仅只是基因组上的一些标记,这些标记突显了研究者所感兴趣的DNA序列,这项研究中,研究人员重点对一组特定的遗传突变进行研究,这些遗传突变很可能影响静音和蛋白质的功能,同时还能帮助研究者发现影响机体体重的问题基因。

这项研究包括了来自全球250多个研究机构的研究人员,研究人员通过对超过70万名参与者及125项不同的研究的遗传学数据进行分析,并且合并成了迄今为止最大的基因关联性研究;在研究中,研究人员在13个基因中鉴别出了14个遗传突变,包括风险拷贝变异,其会让携带者平均体重增加15磅,该基因名为MC4R,大约5000名个体中就有1人会携带这种基因的风险拷贝,而且这种风险拷贝会促进基因并不产生阻断大脑停止进食的蛋白质。

20年前研究人员在极端肥胖和早发性肥胖个体中鉴别出了这种变异,而且最新研究也表明,该变异会影响一般人群的体重增加,此外研究人员还鉴别出了两种突变能够影响基因GIPR的功能,400名个体中大约有1人会携带上述保护性的突变,相比不携带突变的个体而言,携带者体重通常会减轻4.5磅。研究者表示,13个基因中有8个基因都参与了肥胖的发生,后期他们需要进行深入研究来理解这些基因影响机体体重的分子机制。

研究者Loos博士表示,这项研究中我们鉴别出了对体重神经性控制过程中扮演关键角色的基因,其对大脑的作用方式或许能影响人们对食物的摄取、饥饿、饱腹感等,而遗传这些基因突变的个体或许会发现其很难吃得少或停止过多摄入食物,这项研究也是研究人员首次进行全基因组关联性研究寻找影响BMI的基因,这些基因或许在影响机体能量消耗和脂肪细胞生物学特性上扮演着关键角色。

文章中,研究人员利用计算机分析技术深入研究了可能在肥胖发生过程中扮演重要角色的基因,通过将基因看成一个整体而不是单一的基因,研究人员就能基于强大的遗传学研究支持,寻找对于控制体重非常重要的基因。基于这些基因的作用机制及生物学通路,研究人员或许很快就能够解释为何有些人会比其他人更容易变胖,当然这对于开发肥胖新疗法也至关重要。

最后研究者Loos说道,本文研究或能为开发新型肥胖疗法提供潜在的靶点,同时也能为携带遗传突变的人们制定个体化疗法;后期我们将深入对每一个鉴别的基因功能进行深入研究来理解这些基因所扮演的关键角色。

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    2018-02-03 cy0324
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    2018-09-26 ylz8403
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    2018-01-18 liye789132251
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    2018-01-15 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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