J Nutr Health Aging:别怕人多,勇敢度假!科学研究发现:浪得多,活得长!

2018-10-06 奇点糕 奇点网

在近期的欧洲心脏病大会上,来自赫尔辛基大学的研究者报告了这样一项研究:在为期40年的随访中,研究者发现多休假还真的可以延长寿命!论文发表在《营养、健康与老年化》杂志上。

在近期的欧洲心脏病大会上,来自赫尔辛基大学的研究者报告了这样一项研究:在为期40年的随访中,研究者发现多休假还真的可以延长寿命!论文发表在《营养、健康与老年化》杂志上。

这项研究成果来自著名的赫尔辛基商人研究(HBS),1222名具有血管疾病(CVD)风险因素的健康男性高管被分为两组,分别接受5年的健康干预和对照,以观察疾病风险和生活方式特征之间的关系。

生活方式健康当然得病风险更低啦,与对照组相比,接受干预的参与者们血管疾病发病风险低了46%,可以说是非常有效果了。但是奇怪的是,发病风险虽然低,可是在干预结束后的25年里,干预组的总死亡率居然一直是更高的!

这事儿可真是奇怪了!

研究者对干预组参与者进行了进一步分析,万万没想到啊,和死亡率关系最大的因素,竟然是休年假!以休三周为界,休假更少的参与者死亡率提高了37%!

到底为什么会有这么奇怪的结果呢?我们先来看看这项研究的细节。

这1222名中年男性高管,出生于1919年至1934年年间。他们在1974年和1975年加入了HBS。在研究开始时,这些高管就至少存在一个心血管疾病的危险因素,这些风险因素包括吸烟、高血压、高胆固醇、高甘油三酯、葡萄糖耐受不良、超重等,不过从患病角度来说他们还是健康的。

算算年龄,他们也都到了保温杯里加枸杞的时候了,加上工作压力又很大,有这么一两个心血管疾病风险也挺正常的。

这些人被随机分为对照组(610人)和干预组(612人),干预组每4个月会得到一次关于生活方式的口头和书面建议,内容包括有氧运动、保持健康饮食、控制体重、戒烟等。当这些健康建议收效甚微的时候,参与者也会服用一些降血压和血脂的药物。

相比之下,对照组的高管们就“自由”多了,他们只接受了常规的医疗保健,也不受调查人员的监管。

经过5年的干预之后,相对于对照组,干预组的高管们体重指数(BMI)、血压、血脂和餐后1小时血糖均有改善,其中BMI降低3%,收缩压降低5%,胆固醇降低6%。同时两组的吸烟率都有所下降。

别看这些数字不大,健康一点点,收效很长远啊~5年干预结束后,随访第25年,与对照组相比,干预组的心血管疾病风险低了46%呢!但奇怪的是,发病风险降了死亡率却没降,不如说反而升高了——这5+25年里,干预组的死亡率始终是明显高于对照组的。

就算不生病还是要早死,那辛辛苦苦戒烟减肥有啥意义?这事儿到底赖谁?

根据随访报告显示,影响高管寿命的因素有睡眠、工作时间、假期等。研究者经过一系列分析,确定了较短的年假是随访40年间总死亡率的独立预测因子。在死亡率有明显差异的前30年,干预组中,休假不足3周的高管们比那些休假更多的高管们死亡率高出了37%。

顺便一说,这个现象在对照组里是不存在的,也就是说老不运动躺着吃外卖,放假可能也没用~没用~用~

当然了,这也不是休假本身就有这么大的能量。研究者对比了高管们的生活状况,很明显不怎么休假的高管们更不在意自己的生活,他们工作时间更长、睡眠时间更短,而且自己也知道身体不太受得了这种生活。


在干预组中,假期长短对死亡率影响较大

高管们压力就这么大么,连健康干预都救不了他们的命?本文通讯作者Timo Strandberg教授给高管们分析了四大因素:

第一,长期快节奏的生活方式本就容易产生压力,而对于假期短的高管们来说,更是雪上加霜。也就是说,一个人忙惯了,突然闲下来肯定无法适应,而且闲下来的时间又不长,还没进入度假的状态,就要去上班了,谁能受得了!

第二,在这项研究中,与那些休长假的男性相比,休假时间较短的男性比工作量更大,睡眠时间也更少。这种紧张的生活方式可能已经抵消了干预带来的好处。

第三,干预本身也可能对这些人产生不利的心理影响,给他们的生活增加额外的压力。

第四,在20世纪70年代,压力管理并不是预防医学的一部分,上述指导是近些年才推荐给那些患有心血管疾病或有过患心血管疾病的人。也就是说,这些干预方法在当时并不是很成熟。

此外,近年来心血管领域的各类指标也有几轮变化(比如高血压范围又降了),当时“健康”的基线水平,现在看来可能已经具有一定的亚临床表现了。

最后,Strandberg教授指出,“不要以为你生活的很健康就能够补偿工作的辛苦而不休假。假期是缓解压力的重要方式。”

总的来说,这项研究仅限于具有较高社会地位的男性高管,其实也不一定就能够对应到咱们普通加班狗身上,不过奇点糕还是十分愿意相信这项研究的,放假,谁不喜欢!

假装看不见高速上的堵车和景点的人海,十一有出行计划的朋友们,奇点糕在这里祝你们能够越过people mountain people sea,真正得到心灵的放松~

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    2019-04-01 shizhenshan
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    2018-10-06 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

    0

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    2018-10-06 lietome15

    认真学习,不断进步,把经验分享给同好。点赞了!

    0

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