Lancet Oncol:三氧化二砷和ATRA治疗所有危险急性早幼粒细胞白血病人群效果较好

2015-09-16 MedSci MedSci原创

急性早幼粒细胞白血病是以PML-RARA融合转录物的存在为特征的急性髓系白血病的化疗敏感亚群。目前的护理,化疗和全反式维甲酸(ATRA)的标准,使得较高比例的患者被治愈。在这项研究中,研究人员比较了无化疗的无全反式维甲酸和三氧化二砷治疗方案与标准化疗方案为基础的方案(ATRA和伊达比星)在高风险和低风险急性早幼粒细胞白血病的效果。在这项随机,对照,多中心,AML17试验中,符合条件的急性早幼粒细胞

急性早幼粒细胞白血病是以PML-RARA融合转录物的存在为特征的急性髓系白血病的化疗敏感亚群。目前的护理,化疗和全反式维甲酸(ATRA)的标准,使得较高比例的患者被治愈。在这项研究中,研究人员比较了无化疗的无全反式维甲酸和三氧化二砷治疗方案与标准化疗方案为基础的方案(ATRA和伊达比星)在高风险和低风险急性早幼粒细胞白血病的效果。


在这项随机,对照,多中心,AML17试验中,符合条件的急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者(年龄≥16岁),被证实有PML-RARA转录物的存在,并没有显著心脏或肺部合并症或活动性恶性肿瘤确诊,并且没有在怀孕或哺乳期,这些患者来自于英国的81家医院入,他们被1:1随机分配接受治疗ATRA和三氧化二砷或ATRA和伊达比星治疗。两组中参与者ATRA被给予每日口服45mg/m2的剂量直到缓解,或直到60天,然后进行2周-2周的时间进度。在ATRA和伊达比星组,伊达比星在1疗程的2、4、6、和8天时被静脉给药12 mg/m2,在第2疗程的1-4天静脉给药5mg/m2;米托蒽醌以10mg/m2的剂量在第3疗程的1-4天时给予;伊达比星在最后(第4个)一个疗程的1-4天以12mg/m2的剂量给予患者。在ATRA和三氧化二砷组,三氧化二砷在每个疗程的1-5天时以0.3mg/kg的剂量静脉给予患者,在第一个疗程的2-8周和2-5疗程的2-4周给予0.25mg/kg剂量。高危患者(那些具有白细胞计数每升>10×109个细胞的患者)可以接受免疫吉姆单抗奥佐米星(静脉内2mg/m2)的初始剂量。两组患者都没有被给予维持治疗和CNS预防。所有患者均采用实时定量PCR监测。分配是通过中央计算机的最小化完成的,通过年龄,性能状况,以及新发与继发性疾病进行了分层。主要终点是欧洲癌症研究与治疗(EORTC)QLQ-C30的全球健康状况的生活质量。所有分析都是通过意向性治疗进行的。

在2009年5月8日和2013年10月3日之间,235例患者被招募到此研究中,随机分配到ATRA和伊达比星组(n=119)或ATRA和三氧化二砷(n=116)组。参加者的平均年龄为47岁(范围16-77;IQR 33-58),其中包括57例高危患者。两个治疗组之间生活质量并没有显著差异(EORTC QLQ-C30的全球运作效应规模 2.17[95%Cl -2.79至7.12;p=0.39])。总体而言,ATRA和伊达比星组的57例患者和ATRA和三氧化二砷组的40例患者被报道有3-4级毒性事件。治疗第1个疗程后,ATRA和伊达比星组有23/98(23%)患者和ATRA和三氧化二砷组的5/95(5%)例患者被报道有3-4级脱发事件,有11/108(10%)例患者 vs 27/109(25%)例患者发生肝丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平升高情况,经口毒性分别发生了22/115例(19%)和1/109(1%)例。第治疗2个疗程后,3〜4级脱发报道在ATRA和伊达比星组和ATRA和三氧化二砷组分别发生了25/89(28%) vs 2/77(3%);没有其它毒性达到10%的水平。在ATRA和三氧化二砷组的患者比没有那些在ATRA和伊达比星组的患者没有显著减少支持护理方面的要求。

和ATRA和伊达比星相比,ATRA和三氧化二砷是一种可行的治疗低风险和高风险的急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者的方案,具有治愈率高,复发率低,但生存率没有什么区别,且肝毒性的发生率较低。然而生活质量方面却没有改善。

原始出处:

Alan K Burnett, Nigel H Russell, Robert K Hills,et al.Arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid treatment for acute promyelocytic leukaemia in all risk groups (AML17),Lancet Oncology,2015.9.14

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    2016-07-05 bsmagic9140
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    2015-10-07 minlingfeng
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    2015-11-21 howi
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    2015-09-18 lishizhe

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