国内首例MDT模式成功阻断罕见遗传病基因试管婴儿出生

2017-06-30 吉翔 中国新闻网

重症联合免疫缺陷病(SCID)是最危重的一种原发性免疫缺陷病,这样的孩子大多活不过一岁。但是,核型定位PGD技术以及妇产科儿科交叉联动的医疗模式,让一名成功被阻断X-连锁重症联合免疫缺陷病的第三代试管婴儿成功降世。

重症联合免疫缺陷病(SCID)是最危重的一种原发性免疫缺陷病,这样的孩子大多活不过一岁。但是,核型定位PGD技术以及妇产科儿科交叉联动的医疗模式,让一名成功被阻断X-连锁重症联合免疫缺陷病的第三代试管婴儿成功降世。

据查,这在中国尚无先例。复旦大学附属妇产科医院30日透露,这个幸运的男宝宝体重3700克,各项身体指标良好。经复旦大学儿科医院检查,孩子免疫功能正常。

据悉,四年前,孩子的母亲伍婷(化名)曾足月产下一名男婴,出生不久便出现一系列免疫力缺乏的症状,各种感染连续不断。经复旦大学附属儿科医院临床免疫科王晓川团队诊断,该男婴被诊断患有重症联合免疫缺陷(SCID),并找到了致病基因,系IL2RG基因缺陷。最终,孩子因严重感染2月后不幸夭折。

王晓川教授介绍,原发性免疫缺陷病(PID)是一类严重影响儿童生命健康的疾病,主要是由于免疫器官、免疫细胞或免疫分子先天性分化异常,导致体液免疫和/或细胞免疫均发生缺陷,致死、致残率高。重症联合免疫缺陷病(SCID)则是最危重的一种原发性免疫缺陷病。患儿一般出生1~2个月即发病,对细菌、真菌、病毒、和分支杆菌等感染均缺乏抵抗力,而出现反复严重致命性感染,绝大部分孩子没有机会得到及时诊断和干细胞移植治疗,而在1岁内夭折。

目前的遗传学研究显示,上述疾病50%~60%为 X-连锁隐性遗传方式,也有常染色体隐性遗传方式及散发的病例。“X-连锁重症联合免疫缺陷病”是一种罕见病,在正常人群中发病率不到1/10万。经过基因检测发现,患儿的致病基因遗传自母亲,伍婷携带X染色体上IL2RG基因杂合突变,而男方基因正常。

据介绍,对此类疾病,欧美发达国家已有较为完善的管理方案,但中国由于起步较晚,在PID的诊断、治疗等方面尚存在许多不足。 据复旦大学附属儿科医院临床免疫科侯佳医生介绍, 在接诊伍婷之后,儿科医院临床免疫科立即启动了MDT团队的多学科诊治。该团队是由复旦大学附属儿科医院和妇产科医院于2015年成立的一个多学科合作平台,整合了临床免疫科、集爱遗传科及生殖科多位知名专家,建立了一系列完善的诊断、治疗和产前诊断管理方案,大大缩短了免疫缺陷家庭的寻医问药时间,为很多患者提供更为便捷高效的就医途径。

王晓川告诉记者,从理论上说,伍婷夫妇所生育的后代中,男孩1/2为正常,1/2为患者;女孩中1/2为正常,1/2为携带者。这位专家表示:“最有效的办法,就是接受辅助生殖技术治疗,从源头上把控胚胎的质量”。

复旦大学附属妇产科医院方面当日对记者表示,70%的先天性疾病都可以预防,利用胚胎植入前诊断(Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, PGD),即第三代试管婴儿技术,可以提前阻断遗传性疾病,实现出生缺陷的“一级预防”,最终实现优生优育。其中,核型定位基因芯片技术是终结单基因罕见病的有效方式。

据知,集爱中心是上海市首家获得官方PGD资质的医院,截至今年6月,集爱中心已进行了30多种单基因罕见病的辅助生殖治疗,包括进行性肌营养不良(DMD)、β地中海贫血HLA配型、血友病、肯尼迪病等疾病。

2015年6月,伍婷夫妇来到复旦大学附属妇产科医院上海集爱遗传与不育诊疗中心,他们向孙晓溪主任详细咨询后,决定应用核型定位技术,实现生育健康宝宝的愿望。2016年,她选择了一枚不携带致病基因的胚胎复苏移植。胚胎成功着床且一切发育正常,孕中期经羊水穿刺产前基因诊断验证,胎儿染色体以及该遗传病基因与之前的胚胎植入前诊断结果完全一致。

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    2018-05-21 ying_wu
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    2017-07-02 syscxl
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    2017-07-02 jiangfeng5070