Diabetes:中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势及治疗展望

2018-01-16 佚名 医咖会

近期,《Diabetes》杂志刊登了一篇关于“中国糖尿病”的精彩综述,作者为上海市第六人民医院的胡承教授和贾伟平教授(通讯作者)。该综述聚焦几大部分:中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势;危险因素——重点关注易感基因;2型糖尿病的个体化治疗。对该综述感兴趣的伙伴,可去《Diabetes》官网查看全文:http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/67/1/3.l

近期,《Diabetes》杂志刊登了一篇关于“中国糖尿病”的精彩综述,作者为上海市第六人民医院的胡承教授和贾伟平教授(通讯作者)。该综述聚焦几大部分:中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势;危险因素——重点关注易感基因;2型糖尿病的个体化治疗。

中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势

中国是全球糖尿病患者人数最多的国家,根据已发表的全国性调查,过去30年来,中国糖尿病患病率急剧增加:1980年不到1%,2001年为5.5%,2008年为9.7%,2013年为10.9%。老年人、男性、城市居民、经济发达地区居民、超重和肥胖者的糖尿病患病率更高。

2013年调查中,估计中国糖尿病前期的患病率为35.7%,远高于2008年调查估计的15.5%。同样,老年人、男性、超重和肥胖者的糖尿病前期患病率更高;不过,农村居民的糖尿病前期的患病率比城市居民高。

年轻人糖尿病的患病率在增加。根据2008年的调查,20到39岁年龄组的糖尿病患病率为3.2%,而2013年为5.9%;糖尿病前期的患病率也从9.0%增加到了28.8%。年轻糖尿病患者发生慢性并发症的风险更高,一项在亚洲进行的研究显示,年轻时患糖尿病,相比年龄较大时患糖尿病,前者的平均HbA1c和LDL胆固醇浓度要更高,视网膜病变的患病率也更高(20% vs 18%,P=0.011)。中国人群中,早发糖尿病患者发生非致死性心血管疾病的风险,比晚发糖尿病患者要高(OR=1.91;95%CI 1.81-2.02)。

中国糖尿病的危险因素

环境因素(如饮食模式,生活方式等)、遗传因素和表观遗传修饰都对中国糖尿病患者的急剧增加产生作用。

肥胖和中心性肥胖者增多

糖尿病患病率的快速增加可能源于超重和肥胖率的增加以及体力活动的减少。一项全国性调查显示,2000年,中国20-59岁成人超重率(23.0≤BMI<27.5kg/m2)为37.4%,2005年为39.2%,2010年为40.7%,2014年为41.2%。肥胖(BMI≥27.5kg/m2):2000年为8.6%,2005年为10.3%,2010年为12.2%,2014年为12.9%。中心性肥胖:2000年为13.9%,2005年为18.3%,2010年为22.1%,2014年为24.9%。

值得注意的是,中国人群相比欧洲人群,在相对低的BMI时就易发生糖尿病。根据最新的全国调查,BMI<23kg/m2的参与者中,糖尿病和糖尿病前期的患病率分别为6.4%和30.7%。较低BMI就有较高的糖尿病风险,部分原因可能归结于东亚人群(包括中国人群)内脏肥胖的趋势。

遗传因素 2型糖尿病易感基因

据估计,2型糖尿病的遗传度(heritability)为30-70%。根据弗明汉后代队列研究,父母一方有糖尿病,患糖尿病风险的OR值为3.4-3.5,父母双方都有糖尿病,OR值增加到6.1。

20多年来,连锁分析、侯选基因法和大规模全基因组关联研究(GWAS)已经成功确认了全球主要种族人群的100多个2型糖尿病易感基因(图4),其中大部分是在欧洲人群中发现。但是,这些发现自欧洲人的基因,只有不到50%在东亚人群中被成功证实。

2008年,两个日本研究组同步进行了东亚人群首个2型糖尿病的GWAS,确认KCNQ1是一种新的2型糖尿病易感基因(OR 1.26-1.41)。随后,在韩国人、中国人、新加坡人中也发现了KCNQ1和2型糖尿病的关联。

2010年,发现5个新的基因,即PTPRD, SRR, SPRY2, UBE2E2和C2CD4A/B,与东亚人群2型糖尿病风险增加有关。2012年,一项Meta分析确认了东亚人群中8个与2型糖尿病相关的基因。

2013年,在汉族人群中发现了三个新的2型糖尿病易感基因,即PAX4、GRK5和RASGRP1。特别注意的是,PAX4基因的rs10229583变异在胰腺β细胞发育中起到关键作用,导致2型糖尿病风险增加18%。

基因信息的临床应用:预测2型糖尿病

早期识别2型糖尿病高危人群,通过有效的生活方式和药物干预,可以有效预防或延缓2型糖尿病的发生。仅基于传统的危险因素模型,只能达到中等程度的预测能力,因此,2型糖尿病风险模型需要纳入基因信息,以提高模型的预测能力。

很多研究构建了遗传风险评分(GRS)来评估目前遗传信息的预测能力,GRS综合了多个基因变异的信息。2006年到2016年,共有38项研究构建了GRS,并评估了GRS预测2型糖尿病患病或发病的能力。这些研究中,17个研究为病例对照或横断面研究,18个为前瞻性队列研究,2个是巢式病例对照研究,1个是队列和病例对照混合性研究。

新模型 vs 传统模型的预测能力

重要的常规危险因素,包括年龄、性别、BMI、腰围、血压、糖尿病家族史、体力活动水平、吸烟状况和饮酒,可以联合构建传统的风险因素模型(CRM)。一些研究比较了有和没有遗传信息的模型的预测能力。一项Meta分析发现,CRM中增加遗传信息,AUC只轻微增加(从0.78增加到0.79)。

该结果的可能原因是,这些遗传变异可能通过某些传统危险因素对2型糖尿病发病起作用。例如,2型糖尿病家族史是大多数CRM模型中的主要危险因素,但已经包含了GRS能提供的遗传信息。

治疗展望 中国2型糖尿病的治疗现状

尽管目前糖尿病的治疗方式有很多,但目前中国2型糖尿病的控制不容乐观。一项调查显示,城市居民的糖尿病治疗比例为41.8%,而农村居民仅为27.6%。最近一项研究表明,接受治疗的患者,只有一半达到了充分的血糖控制。

此外,糖尿病患者心血管疾病危险因素的控制仍是一项临床挑战。“3B研究”是一项在中国进行的横断面、多中心观察性研究,旨在调查2型糖尿病患者的血糖、血压和血脂的控制情况。结果发现,血糖、血压和血脂的达标率分别为47.7%、28.4%和36.1%。三项均达标的患者只有5.6%。

中国人群糖尿病的发病机制与更为严重的胰岛素分泌缺陷有关,从而造成了餐后血糖水平更高这种独特的临床特征。因此,应该制定适合中国人的治疗指南,而非直接使用西方国家的指南。

糖尿病的个体化治疗

在糖尿病领域,药物遗传学概念的成功应用先例是在单基因糖尿病中,如青少年发病的成年型糖尿病(MODY)。有研究发现,HNF-4α/MODY1和 HNF-1α/MODY3突变的患者,对磺脲类药物更敏感。

目前,2型糖尿病的药物基因组学研究在发展中。大量研究调查了与药代动力学有关的遗传标志物。例如,有研究发现,CYP2C9*2 (I359L)和CYP2C9*3 (R114C)与较低的血中磺脲类清除率具有相关性。此外,药物转运蛋白的基因多态性也成为全球的研究热点。

对2型糖尿病易感基因的调查也集中在这些基因是否与降糖药物的疗效存在相关性。一项研究表明,在中国2型糖尿病患者中,PAX4的rs6367136和rs10229583变异以及PSMD6的rs831571变异与瑞格列奈和罗格列酮的疗效存在相关性。

除了遗传标志物,蛋白组学和代谢组学方法也被广泛用于阐明2型糖尿病的病理生理学,识别个体化医疗中可用的分子标志物。基于药物基因组学、蛋白组学和代谢组学的个体化治疗可以帮助选择合适的治疗方案,通过减少治疗失败和并发症的发生,来改善2型糖尿病患者的结局,并识别出糖尿病患者的高危亲属。

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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:48:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411292, encodeId=4edd1411292b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 03:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279505, encodeId=14012e950539, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 21:40:32 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279402, encodeId=ae3f2e94022e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 14:30:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279085, encodeId=889f2e908587, content=好文章.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 13:44:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:48:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411292, encodeId=4edd1411292b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 03:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279505, encodeId=14012e950539, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 21:40:32 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279402, encodeId=ae3f2e94022e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 14:30:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279085, encodeId=889f2e908587, content=好文章.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 13:44:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-10 1361ef75c9m

    很新的结果

    0

  5. 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createdBy=bc792067943, createdName=1361ef75c9m, createdTime=Sat Feb 10 13:59:07 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=281449, encodeId=c9fa28144972, content=中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Jan 24 06:55:11 CST 2018, time=2018-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280104, encodeId=3162280104b2, content=学习了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:48:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411292, encodeId=4edd1411292b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 03:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279505, encodeId=14012e950539, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 21:40:32 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279402, encodeId=ae3f2e94022e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 14:30:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279085, encodeId=889f2e908587, content=好文章.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 13:44:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-24 jyzxjiangqin

    中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势.

    0

  6. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:48:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411292, encodeId=4edd1411292b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 03:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279505, encodeId=14012e950539, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 21:40:32 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279402, encodeId=ae3f2e94022e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 14:30:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279085, encodeId=889f2e908587, content=好文章.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 13:44:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-19 虈亣靌

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

  7. 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createdBy=bc792067943, createdName=1361ef75c9m, createdTime=Sat Feb 10 13:59:07 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=281449, encodeId=c9fa28144972, content=中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Jan 24 06:55:11 CST 2018, time=2018-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280104, encodeId=3162280104b2, content=学习了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:48:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411292, encodeId=4edd1411292b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 03:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279505, encodeId=14012e950539, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 21:40:32 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279402, encodeId=ae3f2e94022e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 14:30:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279085, encodeId=889f2e908587, content=好文章.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 13:44:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-18 xugumin
  8. 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createdBy=bc792067943, createdName=1361ef75c9m, createdTime=Sat Feb 10 13:59:07 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=281449, encodeId=c9fa28144972, content=中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Jan 24 06:55:11 CST 2018, time=2018-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280104, encodeId=3162280104b2, content=学习了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:48:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411292, encodeId=4edd1411292b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 03:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279505, encodeId=14012e950539, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 21:40:32 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279402, encodeId=ae3f2e94022e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 14:30:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279085, encodeId=889f2e908587, content=好文章.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 13:44:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-17 smartxiuxiu

    有用

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1901942, encodeId=d6531901942ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c097591ed5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Diabetes#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5917, encryptionId=c097591ed5, topicName=Diabetes)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0045169, createdName=木头人513, createdTime=Fri Apr 20 13:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1638358, encodeId=e8b9163835807, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, 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createdBy=bc792067943, createdName=1361ef75c9m, createdTime=Sat Feb 10 13:59:07 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=281449, encodeId=c9fa28144972, content=中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Jan 24 06:55:11 CST 2018, time=2018-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280104, encodeId=3162280104b2, content=学习了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:48:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411292, encodeId=4edd1411292b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 03:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279505, encodeId=14012e950539, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 21:40:32 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279402, encodeId=ae3f2e94022e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 14:30:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279085, encodeId=889f2e908587, content=好文章.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 13:44:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-17 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  10. 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createdBy=bc792067943, createdName=1361ef75c9m, createdTime=Sat Feb 10 13:59:07 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=281449, encodeId=c9fa28144972, content=中国糖尿病的流行病学趋势., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Jan 24 06:55:11 CST 2018, time=2018-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=280104, encodeId=3162280104b2, content=学习了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Fri Jan 19 19:48:52 CST 2018, time=2018-01-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411292, encodeId=4edd1411292b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 03:21:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279505, encodeId=14012e950539, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 21:40:32 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279402, encodeId=ae3f2e94022e, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Wed Jan 17 14:30:43 CST 2018, time=2018-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=279085, encodeId=889f2e908587, content=好文章.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/PiajxSqBRaELCAs1uRBgDoWqJaBltta2Y7fTibyM6wYf94osSMg5CCm9oy7JrdcXPqh1DrCdn5IxO4BE8ZLEiaQXQ/0, createdBy=978a1675334, createdName=xiaogan8479, createdTime=Tue Jan 16 13:44:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-16 xiaogan8479

    好文章.谢谢分享

    0

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最近发表的一项糖尿病新研究指出,来自CEDOC-NOVA医学院的研究团队与药物公司电涌生物电子公司合作,通过对大鼠进行实验,证实了通过对颈动脉窦神经进行调制来恢复胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖稳态的结果,所述敏感神经将颈动脉体与脑电连接。这项研究发表于糖尿病学杂志《欧洲糖尿病研究协会杂志》上。这一研究对治疗和管理糖尿病带来了全新的视角。

扎根基层夯实基础,助力糖尿病防治事业建设

针对目前我国糖尿病管理存在的未诊断率高、疾病年轻化趋势增加、基层卫生服务体系能力欠佳、指南临床实践不规范以及患者自我管理知识水平较低等主要问题,CDS主要从以下几个方面开展工作。

Metabolism:脂肪组织中的疤痕分子和肥胖的关系

赖氨酰氧化酶(LOX)是对胶原纤维交联和纤维化发展至关重要的酶。纤维化的特征在于胶原纤维的过多积累,其也是与肥胖相关的功能失调性脂肪组织(AT)的特征之一,与2型糖尿病相关。

Diabetes Care:研究揭示导致糖尿病持续存在而难以治愈的原因!

根据1月9日在线发表在“糖尿病护理”上的研究,糖尿病和糖尿病前期的持续时间都与冠状动脉钙化斑块(CAC)和左心室功能障碍的存在独立相关。

J Diabetes Complicat:两种新化合物可能为糖尿病人治疗带来新希望!

MDI生物实验室的科学家Sandra Rieger博士和她的研究小组的新研究证明,她以前发现在癌症化疗引起的周围神经病变中发挥作用的一种酶也在糖尿病引起的周围神经病变中起作用。

Diabetes Care:糖尿病患者急性肾损伤出院后低血糖的风险!

由此可见,AKI是出院后发生低血糖的危险因素。在这一人群中确定风险降低策略的研究是很有必要的。