Lancet Child Adolesc Health:外显子测序发现儿童肾母细胞瘤新的Wilms肿瘤易感基因

2019-03-25 Michael 转化医学网

肾母细胞瘤是最常见的儿童肾癌,其具有遗传异质性。 虽然目前已经鉴定出了几种Wilms肿瘤易感基因,但有强有力的证据表明可能存在更多的易感基因。

导语

肾母细胞瘤是最常见的儿童肾癌,其具有遗传异质性。 虽然目前已经鉴定出了几种Wilms肿瘤易感基因,但有强有力的证据表明可能存在更多的易感基因。 来自伦敦肿瘤研究所的Nazneen Rahman教授及其研究团队通过对890位Wilms肿瘤患者进行了外显子测序,最终他们发现了3个全新的Wilms肿瘤的易感基因-TRIM28、FBXW7和NYNRIN。其中33个受试者中有21个患者存在TRIM28基因突变,另外研究者还发现16名受试者中有14名患者存在表观遗传学修饰。这项研究的最新进展发表于最近的《Lancet Child Adolesc Health》杂志。

肾母细胞瘤是一种常见的儿童肾脏肿瘤,其发病率为万分之一,组织学类似于发育中的肾脏,并且通常具有胚胎、间质和上皮组分。此种肿瘤主要是非家族性疾病,只有约2%的患者其亲属内患病.鉴于其罕见性,遗传原因被认为是家族聚集的遗传基础。

目前已经报道了包括WT1,CTR9和REST基因的组成型突变与该病的发病相关。同时,Wilms肿瘤与许多遗传病有关,包括WAGR、Denys-Drash、Beckwith-Wiedemann、Simpson-Golabi-Behmel、Perlman、Li-Fraumeni、DICER1和Bohring-Opitz综合征、遗传性甲状旁腺功能亢进肿瘤、Fanconi贫血症相关。

这些疾病的临床组织学相关联,但遗传模式和致病性突变机制各不相同。潜在的易感基因具有许多不同的功能,并参与多种生物过程。这些基因的鉴定及其在肾母细胞瘤肿瘤易感性中的作用促进了研究人员对细胞发育和肿瘤机制的了解,并对肾母细胞瘤的治疗具有重要的临床意义。过去25年的研究已经促使研究者对Wilms肿瘤易感性的认识有了很大的进步。然而,现有证据表明目前的了解仍不完善,其他易感因素仍有待发现。

此次研究者在33名患有儿童癌症的个体中发现了诱导癌症发生新的易感基因突变。他们通过protein-truncating variant优先级分析得到3个最强信号基因-TRIM28,FBXW7和NYNRIN。 33个患者中有21个存在TRIM28突变。研究者还发现这一基因与Wilms肿瘤罕见的上皮亚型存在很强的相关性,16个肿瘤患者中呈现出14个是上皮或上皮占优势的。在患有其他儿童或成人癌症的个体中没有发现TRIM28突变。研究者再四个患有肾母细胞瘤的患者发现了FBXW7突变,在三个患有肾母细胞瘤的个体中鉴定出NYNRIN中的双等位截短突变。最后,他们鉴定出了两个从头KDM3B突变,其表明KDM3B可作为儿童癌症易感基因产生作用。

研究人员表示,鉴定出的四种新Wilms肿瘤易感基因-TRIM28,FBXW7,NYNRIN和KDM3B参与多种生物学过程,并且与其他17种已知的Wilms肿瘤易感基因一起,占所有Wilms肿瘤病例的约10%。

研究者建议所有患有肾母细胞瘤的个体都应接受基因检测,特别是那些具有上皮Wilms肿瘤的患者应该接受TRIM28基因检测。 他们分析的家族性Wilms肿瘤簇中只有三分之一归因于目前已知的基因,这表明Wilms肿瘤易感因素有待进一步被发现。

原始出处:Mahamdallie S1, Yost S1, Poyastro-Pearson E1, et al. Identification of new Wilms tumour predisposition genes: an exome sequencing study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar 15.

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createdBy=3ee014741656, createdName=jinweidong, createdTime=Tue Mar 26 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619053, encodeId=6e6016190533b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=492a42862bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#外显子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42862, encryptionId=492a42862bd, topicName=外显子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Tue Mar 26 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. 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createdBy=3ee014741656, createdName=jinweidong, createdTime=Tue Mar 26 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619053, encodeId=6e6016190533b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=492a42862bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#外显子#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42862, encryptionId=492a42862bd, topicName=外显子)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Tue Mar 26 16:09:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-03 shizhenshan
  5. 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  6. 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  7. 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  8. 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