证据:PICC在烧伤患者静脉通路管理中的更佳证据

2018-10-14 王凯蓉,赵蕊,顾莺 复旦循证护理中心

临床问题PICC在烧伤患者静脉通路管理中的最佳证据有哪些?相关背景相较于CVC而言,在烧伤患者中使用PICC更容易穿刺、更安全以及更具成本效果1。然而,目前尚缺乏一致的证据比较PICC、CVC在烧伤患者静脉通路管理中的使用方式。证据来源本证据总结来源于Dr Jared Campbell PhD, BHSc (Hons). Evidence Summary. Peripherally Inser

临床问题

PICC在烧伤患者静脉通路管理中的最佳证据有哪些?

相关背景

相较于CVC而言,在烧伤患者中使用PICC更容易穿刺、更安全以及更具成本效果1。然而,目前尚缺乏一致的证据比较PICC、CVC在烧伤患者静脉通路管理中的使用方式。

证据来源

本证据总结来源于Dr Jared Campbell PhD, BHSc (Hons). Evidence Summary. Peripherally Inserted Central Line Catheters: Burn Patients . The Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database, JBI@Ovid. 2017; JBI17589.

证据描述

一项发表于2010年的回顾性研究调查了73例次烧伤科患者使用PICC的安全性1。其中,14例(19.2%)疑似发生导管相关性感染而拔管,6例(8.2%)发生PICC导管堵塞而拔管,4例(5.5%)因上肢深静脉血栓形成而拔管, 1例(1.4%)发生PICC断裂而拔管,1例(1.4%)因在感染部位置管而拔管, 1例(1.4%)发生PICC异位而拔管。此外,2例(4.3%)发展为导管相关性血流感染(CLABSIs)。(Level 4)

一项发表于2010年的回顾性研究比较了82例次CVC与37例次PICC在烧伤患者中的应用效果,结果指出,PICC组的CABSI发生率是每1000个置管日0例,而CVC组是每1000个置管日6.6例;CVC组的深静脉血栓发生率为0 ,而PICC组有1例右上肢深静脉血栓形成;两组均未有任何技术相关的并发症2。(Level 3)

一项发表于2014年的回顾性研究指出,56例留置PICC的烧伤患者中,有8例发生感染,总体而言每1000个置管日有11.7例感染,但感染患者PICC留置时间与未感染患者间无差异。此外,PICC感染与烧伤面积大、住院时间长、导管留置时间长显着相关3。(Level 4)

一项发表于2015年的回顾性研究指出,104例留置PICC的烧伤患者的PICC相关并发症发生率为16%,这些并发症包括1例感染、2例导管堵塞、1例穿刺点水肿以及12例机械性静脉炎4。(Level 4)

一项发表于2013年的研究回顾了烧伤患者使用抗菌涂层PICC导管(浸有米诺环素及利福平)的效果,研究表明,使用抗菌涂层PICC导管患者(n=19)菌血症的发生率为0%,而使用无抗生素涂层PICC导管患者(n=30)的菌血症发生率为50%(P<0.001)5。(Level 3)

一项发表于2014年的系统评价纳入了8项队列研究及1项质性研究,该系统评价评估了烧伤患者PICC的穿刺位置,研究结果指出,经由或临近烧伤处穿刺会增加感染的发生率6。(Level 3)

实践推荐

PICC在烧伤患者静脉通路管理中具有与CVC相当的安全性,在使用前应结合临床判断。(Grade B)

使用抗菌涂层PICC导管可降低PICC相关性感染的发生率,但相关证据等级较低。(Grade B)

应尽可能避免经由或临近烧伤皮肤的部位进行PICC穿刺。(Grade B)

适用性说明

本证据来自于国内外循证资源,在应用该证据时,应考虑具体的临床情境、专业判断和患者意愿,做出最佳决策。若需获取更加详细的信息,请与作者联系。

参考文献

1. Austin RE, Shahrokhi S, Bolourani S, Jeschke MG. Peripherally inserted central venous catheter safety in burn care: a single-center retrospective cohort review. J Burn Care Res. 2015 Jan Feb;36(1):111-7.

2. Fearonce G, Faraklas I, Saffle JR, Cochran A. Peripherally inserted central venous catheters and central venous catheters in burn patients: a comparative review. J Burn Care Res. 2010 Jan-Feb;31(1):31-5.

3. Barsun A, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. Peripherally inserted central line catheter infections in burn patients. J Burn Care Res. 2014 Nov-Dec;35(6):514-7.

4. Younghwan C, Changmin S, Eunok P1, Oh H. Use of blind placements of peripherally inserted central catheters in burn patients: a retrospective analysis. Burns. 2015 Sep;41(6):1281-5.

5. Armstrong SD, Thomas W, Neaman KC, Ford RD, Paulson J. The impact of antibiotic impregnated PICC lines on the incidence of bacteremia in a regional burn center. Burns. 2013 Jun;39(4):632-5.

6. Ciofi Silva CL, Rossi LA, Canini SR, Gon?alves N, Furuya RK. Site of catheter insertion in burn patients and infection: a systematic review. Burns. 2014 May;40(3):365-73.

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    2018-10-16 tomyang87
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    2018-10-16 zhs3884

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