Health:荷尔蒙帮助女性减少睡眠呼吸障碍

2015-01-22 刘静竹 编译 科研出版社

睡眠障碍性呼吸(SDB)是独立存在的心血管疾病风险因素,从过去的流行病学研究来看,男性SDB或阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的发病率高于女性,但女性在绝经后的发病率显著增加。与快速眼动(REM)睡眠相关的SDB是指:在REM睡眠期间,主要出现睡眠呼吸暂停和呼吸浅慢的现象。用睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)来定义,REM和非REM的比率(R:N)高于2.0。 OSA患者更容易出现SD

睡眠障碍性呼吸(SDB)是独立存在的心血管疾病风险因素,从过去的流行病学研究来看,男性SDB或阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的发病率高于女性,但女性在绝经后的发病率显著增加。与快速眼动(REM)睡眠相关的SDB是指:在REM睡眠期间,主要出现睡眠呼吸暂停和呼吸浅慢的现象。用睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)来定义,REM和非REM的比率(R:N)高于2.0。

睡眠呼吸困难

OSA患者更容易出现SDB现象,因为其REM睡眠期间的血氧饱和度较低,因而呼吸道肌张力下降得快,容易出现呼吸道塌陷。在此期间,由于对缺氧和血碳酸过多症做出反应的化学受体减少,呼吸道张力与其他阶段相比最低。

更加了解REM、SDB具有重要的临床意义。韩国梨花女子大学和韩国亚洲大学的医学院学者Hyang Woon Lee等人发现,在亚洲关于两种性别和不同年龄段之间的REM、SDB差异并没有太多数据。学者以韩国为例,比较与SDB相关的睡眠指数,分析了各种临床因素。科研出版社英文期刊《健康》(Health)2015年1月刊上发表了这篇文章。

这项研究包含了梨花女子大学医学中心2005年7月1日至2014年7月1日的309位患者,采用整夜多导睡眠图(PSG)诊断出SDB症状。

在这些OSA患者中,217人为男性(平均年龄51.05 ± 12.64岁),92人为女性(平均年龄64.53 ± 10.43岁)。整个睡眠时段中非REM睡眠期间,男性的AHI大于女性,也就是男性在快速眼动睡眠时间以外的睡眠时间里,呼吸不畅的情况更常见。而在快速眼动睡眠时间则无明显差异。R:N的比率高于2.0的情况在女性身上更常观察到,快速眼动睡眠时期对女性影响更大。随着女性的年龄渐长,R:N的比率会逐渐降低,但男性保持相对恒定。产生这些性别差异,原因何在?

据学者分析,女性荷尔蒙扮演了重要角色,在孕激素作用占主导时,雌激素和孕激素增加颏舌肌的活动和上呼吸道扩张,达到阶段性峰值,黄体内出现血管紧张性活动。另一项研究显示了与卵泡期相比,黄体内的上呼吸道阻力最小。另外,据报道,孕激素会增加缺氧和血碳酸过多症的通气反应,会引起针对SDB的保护性行动,降低女性SDB的总比例。这也许可以解释绝经前女性睡眠的呼吸状况好于男性,而年纪大了以后变差的现象。

原始出处:

Minjung Youn1, Joo Young Kwon1, Kyu Sun Lee1,2, Jung Hyun Park1, Hyang Woon Lee1,2*Gender Differences in Rapid Eye Movement-Related Sleep Disordered Breathing.Health.DOI: 10.4236/health.2015.71012  

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    2015-03-24 shizhenshan
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    2015-02-08 xjtumed09

    学习!学习!

    0

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