Cell Reports:脑健康饮食:低蛋白,高碳水化合物

2018-11-30 佚名 中国生物技术网

近日,发表在《Cell Reports》上的一项研究表明,对于想要保持大脑健康并防止认知能力衰退的人来说,低蛋白质、高碳水化合物饮食可以作为一种更容易的方式替代限制热量的方法。

近日,发表在《Cell Reports》上的一项研究表明,对于想要保持大脑健康并防止认知能力衰退的人来说,低蛋白质、高碳水化合物饮食可以作为一种更容易的方式替代限制热量的方法。

随着全球人口的老龄化,防止认知能力下降变得越来越重要。实现这一目标的方法之一就是限制我们摄入的热量。

大量研究证明了严格限制热量摄入的诸多益处,包括延长寿命、维持大脑的灵敏度,并防止神经退行性疾病,至少在小鼠实验中是如此。

但是将热量限制的益处转化到人体可能具有挑战性,因为这需要很强的毅力,通常很难达成目标。有没有一种方法能够替代热量限制方法的同时对大脑有益呢?

来自澳大利亚悉尼大学Charles Perkins中心的研究人员转向低蛋白、高碳水化合物饮食以寻求答案。

低蛋白质、高碳水饮食 vs. 低碳水饮食

研究第一作者、博士研究生Devin Wahl在解释这项研究的动机时说:“近一百年来,我们的定性研究都表明了限制热量是改善啮齿动物大脑健康并防止神经退行性疾病的最有效的饮食方式。”他补充说:“然而,大部分的人都很难限制热量摄入,尤其是在西方社会,因为在这里食物唾手可得。”

现前的研究表明,低蛋白质、高碳水化合物的饮食能够延长寿命,就像热量限制的效果一样。然而,直到现在,医学界也不确定这种饮食方式是否能使大脑受益。

他们指出,低蛋白、高碳水化合物饮食已经存在了几个世纪。研究通讯作者、悉尼大学老年医学教授David Le Couteur说:“传统的冲绳饮食大约包含9%的蛋白质,这与我们的研究类似,蛋白质来源包括低脂鱼、豆类和植物等。”

在目前的这项研究中,Wahl及其同事向15个月大的小鼠喂食淀粉衍生的复合碳水化合物和酪蛋白(一种通常存在于乳制品中的蛋白质)。

小鼠不受限制地接受高碳水化合物饮食。与此同时,研究人员将不同组小鼠的热量摄入量限制在20%。

研究人员比较了这些饮食对小鼠大脑海马体生物学的影响,海马体是负责记忆形成的区域。他们还利用迷宫测试和新物体识别测试对小鼠的记忆和认知能力进行了评估。

为了检查海马体神经元的健康状况,研究人员分析了这些大脑细胞中的RNA表达模式。

低蛋白质、高碳水饮食的益处

Le Couteur教授解释说:“在发生阿尔兹海默症等神经退行性疾病时,海马体通常是首当其冲。然而,低蛋白质、高碳水化合物饮食似乎能够促进小鼠海马体的健康和生物学特性,从某些指标来看甚至比低热量饮食的效果更好。”

在这两组小鼠中,迷宫和新物体识别测试的结果都得到了轻微的改善。

Wahl评论说:“对于痴呆症目前并没有有效的药物治疗手段,我们可以延缓这种疾病,但是无法阻止它们。如果我们能够利用饮食来影响大脑的衰老进程,这真的是一件令人兴奋的事。”

Devin Wahl说:“我们已经能够在大脑负责记忆的部分复制出同样类型的基因变化,就像我们在严格限制卡路里摄入时看到的那样。这为我们带来了希望。”

这些新的研究成果基于这个研究中心过去取得的一些发现。2015年,他们提出低蛋白、高碳水化合物的饮食可能和低热量饮食一样有益于长寿,因为它们能促进心脏和消化系统的健康。

原始出处:
Wahl D1, Solon-Biet SM2, Wang QP3,et al.Comparing the Effects of Low-Protein and High-Carbohydrate Diets and Caloric Restriction on Brain Aging in Mice.Cell Rep. 2018 Nov 20;25(8):2234-2243.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.070.

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    2019-02-09 维他命
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    2018-12-02 yuanming9
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