MedRxiv:武大人民医院研究称,其他肺炎患者抵抗力差,易感染新冠病毒

2020-02-16 xujing 文韬 中国循环杂志

武汉大学人民医院李燕等在预印本平台medRxiv的一项研究发现,一些发热的患者并非新冠病毒感染,这些患者抵抗力较差,一旦将其与冠状肺炎患者收治在一起,交叉感染的风险会很大。

国家卫健委发布第五版诊疗方案,规定将CT影像结果作为临床诊断病例的诊断标准,这一规定只限于湖北省内。
 
而中华医学会放射学分会发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎的放射学诊断》专家推荐意见指出,放射学诊断不是确诊方法;新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性,是诊断新冠肺炎的金标准。
 
武汉大学人民医院李燕等在预印本平台medRxiv的一项研究发现,一些发热的患者并非新冠病毒感染,这些患者抵抗力较差,一旦将其与冠状肺炎患者收治在一起,交叉感染的风险会很大。
 
研究纳入了在2020年1月21日至2020年2月9日的8274例有新冠病毒密切接触史的患者,有2745人(33.2%)感染了新冠病毒,5277人(63.8%)新冠病毒阴性。
 
研究采用的是使用了由中国疾病预防控制中心紧急分发的荧光定量PCR试剂盒,以检测是否存在新冠病毒的两个特异基因位点。
 
有252人(3.0%)的结果不确定。不确定是因为仅仅有一个特异基因位点为阳性。之后,作者又复测了其中的16人,结果有14人阳性。
 
研究还对613例发烧的患者进行了13种呼吸道病原体的检查。包括腺病毒、博卡病毒、甲型流感病毒、H1N1、H3N2、乙型流感病毒、可引起普通感冒的冠状病毒、 偏肺病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、鼻病毒、肺炎支原体和衣原体。
 
结果显示,在316例多重呼吸道病原体感染患者中,104 例为新冠病毒阳性,其中 6 例(5.8%)合并其他病毒感染。
 
212例新冠病毒阴性患者中,18.4%的患者合并其他病原体感染。
 
作者建议,目前的检测技术需要改进,要能快速筛查,以避免患者发生交叉感染。
 
研究者强调,交叉感染隐患较大。肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌产生的细菌蛋白可以促进流感病毒的扩散。
 
从机理上看,非新冠病毒肺炎患者比健康人更容易感染新冠病毒,新冠病毒感染者也更容易在机体抵抗力减弱的情况下,交叉感染其他病原体。 
 
研究者指出,仅靠CT作为临床诊断来确诊新冠病毒患者是不够的,非新冠患者被当做新冠患者收诊,都可能发生交叉感染。
 
针对核酸检测问题,研究还发现,鼻咽拭子比痰液取样更有效。
 
原始出处:
Ming Wang, et al. Clinical diagnosis of 8274 samples with 2019-novel coronavirus in Wuhan. medRxiv, doi:  10.1101/2020.02.12.20022327. 

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    2020-02-16 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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