BMJ:呼吸道没问题,但是持续性干咳,什么原因?

2016-09-28 MedSci MedSci原创

女性患者,60岁,因声音嘶哑和持续性的干咳而就诊。软性内窥镜显示患者舌后1/3有光滑、圆形肿胀物。该轴向T2加权磁共振图像显示舌根中线处有何异常(图1⇓)?诊断:残余的甲状舌管的囊性残余(甲状舌管囊肿)。磁共振图像显示在舌根后部有一个薄壁囊性病变,与甲状舌管囊肿(图2⇓)表现一致,在增强后T1加权矢状切面(图3⇓)也可看到。在头部和颈部中线处的囊性病变,鉴别诊断包括甲状舌管囊肿和皮样囊肿。图1显示

女性患者,60岁,因声音嘶哑和持续性的干咳而就诊。软性内窥镜显示患者舌后1/3有光滑、圆形肿胀物。

该轴向T2加权磁共振图像显示舌根中线处有何异常(图1⇓)?



诊断:残余的甲状舌管的囊性结构(甲状舌管囊肿)。

磁共振图像显示在舌根后部有一个薄壁囊性病变,与甲状舌管囊肿(图2⇓)表现一致,在增强后T1加权矢状切面(图3⇓)也可看到。



在头部和颈部中线处的囊性病变,鉴别诊断包括甲状舌管囊肿和皮样囊肿。图1显示甲状舌管囊肿样的表现,囊液均质。由于内含软组织和脂肪,皮样囊肿的异构现象较为明显。

甲状舌管囊肿是在头部和颈部最常见的先天性囊肿。常见于10岁及以下儿童,偶见于成人。甲状舌管是一种胚胎解剖结构,在甲状腺起始和终结的部位之间。若甲状腺下降至正常位置后,甲状舌管未能消失,仍作为连接舌后部和甲状腺的导管,那么将导致囊肿的形成。囊肿可形成于甲状舌管的任何地方,但最常用于舌骨和甲状软骨之间的部位。仅2%的囊肿发生于舌部位。

治疗方法最常用采用手术切除甲状舌管囊肿。手术的目的是通过切除囊肿、残余的甲状舌管和舌骨中段来降低复发率。由于囊肿易感染,且罕见情况子下可发生恶变,因此建议切除。

本病例中切除了患者的甲状舌管囊肿,且无并发症的发生。后其随访确认患者症状消失。

原始出处:

H L Adams, D C Howlett. A persistent cough. BMJ 2016; 354 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4858.

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    2016-10-13 gaoxiaoe
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    2017-02-21 bioon15
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    2016-10-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,受益

    0

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    2016-09-30 zhmscau