OCC2018丨李为民教授:心力衰竭生物标志物的新近进展

2018-06-03 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

近年来,一些反映心力衰竭(HF)病理生理学改变的生物标志物应用于临床,对其诊治和预后评估提供了重要信息,并被列入相关指南。OCC 2018心力衰竭论坛上,哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院李为民教授介绍了HF标志物的最新研究进展。

近年来,一些反映心力衰竭(HF)病理生理学改变的生物标志物应用于临床,对其诊治和预后评估提供了重要信息,并被列入相关指南。OCC 2018心力衰竭论坛上,哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院李为民教授介绍了HF标志物的最新研究进展。

生物标志物检测的意义

生物标志物的传统定义:可客观地测定并作为正常生物进程、病理学进程或治疗干预的药理学反应指标的一种生物学标志物。生物标志物具有多重作用,可作为鉴别患者异常情况的诊断工具或疾病程度分期的工具、反映疾病预后及预测和监测对干预的反应情况。来自血液的生物标志物有助于检测HF的存在、确定其严重程度、评估未来事件的风险并指导治疗,如神经激素、细胞外基质重构标志物和炎性介质及氧化应激标志物等。



通过对生物标志物的检测有助于临床决策的制定,生物标志物风险值低的患者,出院后所需后续治疗少;而生物标志物风险值高的患者,其住院时间越长,后续越需积极治疗。另外,为保证检测的准确性,检测手段、靶点、给药、人群都是必须要考虑的因素。

生物标志物在HF诊断和危险分层的应用

临床实践中,能否通过生物标志物协助射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFrEF)和射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)进行诊断和危险分层?应根据具体风险分析确定HFREF和HFpEF的危险因素,两者的临床表型和病例生理学特点存在差异。

HFpEF患者,其合并症(如高血压、肥胖、糖尿病、慢性肾脏疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、贫血和铁缺乏)可导致血管炎症和内皮细胞激活。这种不利因素影响相邻心肌细胞一氧化氮(NO)生物利用度,降低环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)的利用度,改变蛋白磷酸化,引起微血管缺血,向心性左心室(LV)重构和纤维化的内皮细胞向间质细胞转化(EndMT)加剧左心室舒张功能障碍。



相反,在HFrEF患者中,直接心肌损伤(如急性心肌梗死感染、毒素)导致心肌细胞坏死、细胞凋亡和偏心左心室重构,应对补偿引起不良的神经内分泌激活的恶性循环。

HF风险评估指标及诊断标志物

常用的HF风险评估指标有:利钠肽、肌钙蛋白、肾功能不全标志物(如肌酐或血清胱抑素-C)和新炎性标志物(如Gal-3、sST2和GDF-15)等。

急性失代偿性HF诊断标志物:BNP、NT-proBNP;HFpEF标志物:利钠肽、舒张功能障碍标志物(胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-7)、胶原稳态和基质标志物、MicroRNAs(MicroRNA 29a、1、21和133a的改变与HFpEF患者的心肌纤维化有关,但并未用作此类患者的诊断或预后标志物)和多种生物标志物板。



心衰A期:BNP水平高的患者患HF风险高;

心衰B期:左心室肥厚和收缩功能不全患者BNP水平较高。STOP-HF研究等研究表明,BNP的监测可降低左心室收缩/舒张功能不全和HF的发生率。生物标志物可预测HF事件。

当代临床实践推荐

诊断HF的生物标志物:BNP和NT-proBNP的测量有助于支持临床对于动态诊断和急性失代偿患者的判断,尤其在临床不确定时。

HF生物标志物与预后:在急性失代偿性HF患者中,测量就诊时的BNP或NT-proBNP和cTn有助于明确预后或疾病的严重程度。其他临床可获得的测试,如心肌损伤或纤维化的生物标志物对急性失代偿性HF附加危险分层是合理的。



HF门诊患者管理:生物标志物(BNP或NT-proBNP)指导的HF治疗无明确获益,因此,也未得到推荐。NT-proBNP对ANRI的反应与临床结果相关,但直到获取前瞻性随机数据才可将血管紧张素受体脑啡肽酶抑制剂用作替代药物指导治疗。

HF住院管理:在住院的急性失代偿性HF患者中,BNP或NT-proBNP指导治疗的疗效不明确。

生物标志物如何前行

密切遵守生物标志物分析中的关节标准;必须确定与疾病有关特定相关的生物标志物;生物标志物对治疗的影响需具体研究;药品开发商和监管机构必须考虑这种策略是否可获益;需前瞻性的研究改变目前的药物开发模式。

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    2018-06-05 zhaojie88
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    2018-06-04 清幽蓝燕yan

    再次学习了

    0

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    2018-06-04 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-06-04 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

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    2018-06-03 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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