神经鞘瘤误诊为颈动脉体瘤超声及CT表现1例

2018-12-19 杜鹏 曹爱红 中国CT和MRI杂志

患者,男,20岁。因无意中发现左侧颈部肿物7d就诊,自觉无明显不适,专科查体:左侧颈部可触及一椭圆形肿物,呈搏动性,质中,境界清楚,活动度欠佳,不伴局部肿痛,不伴饮水呛咳和声音嘶哑,皮肤色泽正常,血压正常。行超声检查,左侧颈部皮下软组织内可见大小约4.1 cm×2.7 cm的低回声团,形态规则,边界清楚,位于颈内动脉与颈外动脉之间,CDFI:团块内可见条状血流信号,似可见颈动脉分支供血。

1.临床资料
 
患者,男,20岁。因无意中发现左侧颈部肿物7d就诊,自觉无明显不适,专科查体:左侧颈部可触及一椭圆形肿物,呈搏动性,质中,境界清楚,活动度欠佳,不伴局部肿痛,不伴饮水呛咳和声音嘶哑,皮肤色泽正常,血压正常。行超声检查,左侧颈部皮下软组织内可见大小约4.1 cm×2.7 cm的低回声团,形态规则,边界清楚,位于颈内动脉与颈外动脉之间,CDFI:团块内可见条状血流信号,似可见颈动脉分支供血。
 
超声提示:左侧颈内外动脉之间低回声团(颈动脉体瘤?),请结合其他检查(见图1)。行64排螺旋CT、CT血管造影(CTA)检查:左侧颈总动脉分叉平面以上可见一类圆形肿块影,边界较清,最大截面大小约3.2 cm×2.8 cm×3.9 cm,增强后呈明显强化,肿块内及肿块周围可见细小供血动脉影及引流静脉影,颈内动脉与颈外动脉之间距离增大,呈“高脚杯”征;双侧颈部动脉充盈良好,未见局限性膨大或囊袋状扩张。CTA提示:左侧颈总动脉分叉上方层面团块影,考虑肿瘤(颈动脉体瘤)所致(见图2)。术中所见:左侧颈总动脉分叉平面稍上方见一大小约4 cm×3.5 cm的肿块,凸向后方,周围血供极其丰富;悬吊迷走神经、舌下神经,沿血管壁和神经周围剥离肿物。病理结果:(左颈)神经鞘瘤。
 
图1 超声显示左侧颈内外动脉之间低回声团注:RIJV:右侧颈内静脉,RICA:右侧颈内动脉,RECA:右侧颈外动脉


图2 CTA显示左侧颈总动脉分叉上方实性团块(箭头所指),颈内、外动脉之间角度增大
 
2.讨论
 
神经鞘瘤是一种起源于周围神经鞘膜细胞的肿瘤,多呈圆形或分叶状,界限清楚,包膜完整。发生在颈动脉分叉水平的神经鞘瘤需要与颈动脉体瘤进行鉴别。颈动脉体瘤是一种发生于颈动脉体的较为少见的化学感受器肿瘤,呈圆形或椭圆形,表现为颈动脉分叉处的实性肿物,边界清楚,有完整包膜。二者二维超声均可表现为均匀低回声,彩色显像均可表现为较丰富的血流。
 
神经鞘瘤和颈动脉体瘤仍有一些各自特征性影像学表现:①神经鞘瘤两端有与瘤体相连的神经干,紧邻颈动脉分叉,可对颈动脉分叉部造成侧方压迫,不会引起颈内、外动脉之间角度增大;②颈动脉体瘤则位于颈内、外动脉之间,挤压颈内、外动脉使两血管之间角度增大,并且一些病例可以看到瘤体由颈外动脉供血,对鉴别诊断有很大帮助。
 
该病例中,瘤体位于颈动脉分叉平面,并和颈动脉紧密粘连,一部分位于颈动脉分叉之间,对颈内、外动脉造成了挤压,致使二血管之间角度增大,容易误诊为颈动脉体瘤;该病例中的瘤体较大,对周围组织挤压严重,使得对瘤体两端神经干的探查显得困难,影响了对神经鞘瘤的特征性发现。由于瘤体位于颈动脉后方和颈动脉粘连紧密,并且将颈动脉推向浅方,体表触诊可以误以为肿物有搏动感,也是本病例误诊的一个原因。对于较大的发生在颈动脉分叉平面的肿物,在进行神经鞘瘤和颈动脉体瘤的鉴别诊断时,需注意上述原因的分析,充分探查,以做出准确的诊断。
 
原始出处:

杜鹏,曹爱红.肝囊肿伴局部海绵状血管瘤变一例[J].中国CT和MRI杂志,2018(03):149-150.

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