盘点:NEJM 5月原始研究第二期汇总

2018-05-12 MedSci MedSci原创

【1】针对前列腺癌诊断的MRI靶向或标准活检 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801993 多参数磁共振成像(MRI),联合或不联合靶向活检,是前列腺特异性抗原水平升高患者标准经直肠超声引导前列腺活检的替代方法,但二者准确性比较的研究十分有限。一项多中心研究,未经活检证实的前列腺癌疑似患者随机接受MRI或超声引导活检。MRI组检查结果阳性人群接受活检验证,阴性人群不进行干预。共

【1】针对前列腺癌诊断的MRI靶向或标准活检

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801993

多参数磁共振成像(MRI),联合或不联合靶向活检,是前列腺特异性抗原水平升高患者标准经直肠超声引导前列腺活检的替代方法,但二者准确性比较的研究十分有限。一项多中心研究,未经活检证实的前列腺癌疑似患者随机接受MRI或超声引导活检。MRI组检查结果阳性人群接受活检验证,阴性人群不进行干预。共有500名患者参与研究,252名MRI组患者中,71人MRI检查阴性(28%),95人(38%)确诊临床意义型前列腺癌,而活检组临床意义型前列腺癌患者64人。MRI检测的效果非劣于标准活检。MRI组患者临床无意义型前列腺癌患者比例更低。表明多参数磁共振成像对前列腺癌诊断的准确性优于标准活检。

【2】美国献血者中寨卡病毒的试验性检测

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714977

由于寨卡病毒(ZIKV)感染可能导致严重的临床后果,因此,从ZIKV活动区返回的大量无症状旅行者,血液中ZIKV核酸的检测以及通过输血传播ZIKV的报告,2016年食品和药物管理局发布了个体单位核酸检测的建议,以尽量减少通过输血传播ZIKV的风险。
美国红十字会通过转录介导扩增技术(TMA)实现对献血中ZIKV RNA的试验性筛查。对有反应的捐献血液进行确认性检测,包括重复TMA、在探索性微池(minipool)中进行TMA检测、实时逆转录聚合酶链反应、IgM血清学检测和红细胞TMA。通过终点TMA估算血浆和红细胞中的病毒载量。本研究计算了从2016年6月至2017年9月这15个月期间,阻断确认为ZIKV阳性的献血者献血所需的成本。结果显示,通过对个体献血应用TMA技术筛查美国捐献血液中的ZIKV昂贵且产出低。在9份确认的ZIKV阳性献血中,只有4份为IgM阴性;在这些献血中,可检测的全部3份都在微池TMA时有反应。

【3】Keytruda辅助治疗可显著提高III期黑色素瘤患者生存率

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1802357

PD1抑制剂Keytruda(健痊得)可显著延长晚期黑色素瘤患者的无进展生存期以及总生存期。近日研究人员考察了Keytruda作为辅助治疗手段用于III期可切除高风险黑色素瘤患者的疗效。接受手术的III期黑色素瘤患者每3周随机接受200mg Keytruda或安慰剂,治疗总计18次,约1年时间。共有1019名患者参与研究,平均随访15个月,结果显示,Keytruda可显著延长患者无复发生存期及无复发生存率。在853名PD1表达阳性亚组中,Keytruda组患者1年无复发生存率为77.1%,对照组为62.6%,复发或死亡HR为0.54。14.7%的Keytruda组患者报告3-5级不良事件,对照组为3.4%。Keytruda组发生1例治疗相关的肌炎死亡。表明对于接受手术治疗的III期高风险黑色素瘤患者,200mg Keytruda辅助治疗可显著提高患者无复发生存率。

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    2018-05-14 易水河

    值得学习参考参考

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    2018-05-12 大头004

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    2018-05-12 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2018-05-12 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0