JAMA:脑神经影像学检查是否可识别存在严重颅内损伤的“轻微”头部外伤患者?

2015-12-25 MedSci MedSci原创

临床上,虽然看起来可能是轻微的头部外伤(GCS评分≥13),但是却可能存在严重的颅内损伤,需及时救治。计算机断层扫描(CT)可帮助医生确定哪些成年人存在严重的颅内损伤。

临床上,虽然看起来可能是轻微的头部外伤(GCS评分≥13),但是却可能存在严重的颅内损伤,需及时救治。计算机断层扫描(CT)可帮助医生确定哪些成年人存在严重的颅内损伤。

本系统性回顾旨在评估成人头部外伤的症状和体征的准确性,以确定伴有严重颅内损伤的患者。

研究人员全面检索了MEDLINE(1966-2015)和CochraneLibrary以确定评估颅内损伤诊断的研究。

研究包括使用神经影像学参考标准或后续的评估来确定颅内损伤的结果表现。共纳入了14项研究(431-7955名患者),患者GCS得分在13-15之间, 50%及以上的患者年龄>18岁。

由三位作者独立完成文献评估以及数据的提取。

结果发现,23079名轻微头部外伤的患者中,重型颅内损伤的患病率(需要及时干预)为7.1%,颅内损伤导致死亡或需要手术干预的发生率为0.9%。体检发现有颅骨骨折的存在,GCS评分为13,呕吐次数≥2,GCS评分下降,以及行为因机动车碰撞所致损伤与CT显示的严重颅内损伤有关。存在轻微的头部外伤的患者, CT未显示存在颅内损伤的似然比为0.04,严重损伤的概率降低至0.31%。所有新奥尔良标准显示未存在颅内损伤的似然比为0.08,重型颅脑损伤的概率降低至0.61%。

临床决策中结合患者受伤的历史以及体格检查的特点,可识别颅内损伤风险较低的轻微头部外伤的患者。某些发现,包括颅骨骨折的迹象,GCS评分为13,呕吐次数≥2,GCS评分下降,行为因机动车碰撞所致损伤,可以帮助医生确定可能发生严重颅内损伤的患者。

原始出处:

Joshua S. Easter, Jason S. Haukoos et al.. Will Neuroimaging Reveal a Severe Intracranial Injury in This Adult With Minor Head Trauma?The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review. JAMA. 2015;314(24):2672-2681. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16316.

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    2016-03-22 siiner
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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709600, encodeId=f2ef1e09600d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a919849e3ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84973, encryptionId=a919849e3ff, topicName=脑神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8b8031759349, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 11:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2019746, encodeId=089a2019e4608, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ecde428074' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经影像#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74280, encryptionId=5ecde428074, topicName=神经影像)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ab72500038, createdName=124985dbm06(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Jun 11 19:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63681, encodeId=16316368158, content=收藏了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbd11668261, createdName=小猫cathy, createdTime=Mon Feb 08 08:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50357, encodeId=008c5035efa, content=然后呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLBzoPY0a1ZQrECBF90v8AkFiaxRlNpGj1mLzD1B7ibnyBjmDEjiauBSDpOw6w4tI7YxmjdWaIW0SXL4/0, createdBy=35951605658, createdName=等你一年又一年, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 00:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1396974, encodeId=03b413969e499, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 11:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48779, encodeId=e6c348e79f4, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=c10c75714, createdName=zhuzhuba1, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47794, encodeId=3d394e7949a, content=其他影像学呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Fri Dec 25 22:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-08 小猫cathy

    收藏了

    0

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    2015-12-30 等你一年又一年

    然后呢?

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709600, encodeId=f2ef1e09600d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a919849e3ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84973, encryptionId=a919849e3ff, topicName=脑神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8b8031759349, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 11:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2019746, encodeId=089a2019e4608, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5ecde428074' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经影像#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74280, encryptionId=5ecde428074, topicName=神经影像)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ab72500038, createdName=124985dbm06(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Jun 11 19:35:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63681, encodeId=16316368158, content=收藏了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbd11668261, createdName=小猫cathy, createdTime=Mon Feb 08 08:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=50357, encodeId=008c5035efa, content=然后呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLBzoPY0a1ZQrECBF90v8AkFiaxRlNpGj1mLzD1B7ibnyBjmDEjiauBSDpOw6w4tI7YxmjdWaIW0SXL4/0, createdBy=35951605658, createdName=等你一年又一年, createdTime=Wed Dec 30 00:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1396974, encodeId=03b413969e499, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 11:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48779, encodeId=e6c348e79f4, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=c10c75714, createdName=zhuzhuba1, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:07:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=47794, encodeId=3d394e7949a, content=其他影像学呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Fri Dec 25 22:28:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-27 zhuzhuba1

    0

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    2015-12-25 老段

    其他影像学呢?

    0

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