化疗仍是乳腺癌基础治疗手段,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇有优势

2019-04-20 佚名 肿瘤资讯

2019中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)乳腺癌年会从“名家视角、新药研发、诊疗指南、巅峰对决、St. Gallen中国专家有话说”等环节对乳腺癌诊疗规范进行细致讨论,共同奉献了一场临床与学术的精彩盛宴。

2019中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)乳腺癌年会从“名家视角、新药研发、诊疗指南、巅峰对决、St. Gallen中国专家有话说”等环节对乳腺癌诊疗规范进行细致讨论,共同奉献了一场临床与学术的精彩盛宴。

冯继锋院长、主任医师、博士生导师、教授,江苏省肿瘤医院、南京医科大学附属肿瘤医院院长、主任医师、博士生导师;中国医师协会肿瘤医师分会 副会长;中国抗癌协会肿瘤临床化疗专业委员会 候任主委;中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)常委理事;江苏省抗癌协会化疗专业委员会 主任委员;江苏省医院协会肿瘤医院分会 主任委员;江苏省肿瘤科医疗质量控制 中心主任;江苏省肿瘤化疗 中心主任;国家卫健委肿瘤规范化治疗专家组 成员;国家卫健委合理用药专家委员 委员;

最新数据、新药上市促进《CSCO 乳腺癌诊疗指南》的更新

2018年,很多新药陆续上市,乳腺癌相关临床研究也取得重大突破。尤其三阴性乳腺癌的内分泌素类似物、PARP抑制剂以及PD-1抑制剂的相关临床试验相继在国际大型学术会议公布,为三阴性乳腺癌指南更新奠定了基础。而帕妥珠单抗与吡咯替尼等相继成功上市,给HER2阳性乳腺癌患者提供更多选择。激素受体阳性乳腺癌也因更多临床试验证据公布,促使很多药物更新入指南。

总体而言,依据分子分型指导乳腺癌治疗的临床实践并未发生改变。通过修正、更新,乳腺癌诊疗指南能给患者带来更好的治疗指导,更佳的生活质量。

乳腺癌治疗中,化疗仍占基础地位,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇有优势

在第16届St. Gallen 国际乳腺癌大会上,靶向治疗、免疫治疗仍为热点话题。同时,既往临床试验中临床疗效获得肯定的经典化疗药物仍被广泛关注。在各类不同作用机制、信号通路的新药相继问世的情况下,现有临床试验仍是在既往标准治疗的基础上,以改善疗效和安全性为目的进行设计。

在乳腺癌领域,蒽环类、紫杉类等化疗药物的基石地位并未改变。研究者对蒽环类、紫杉类化疗药物在追求更佳疗效、降低毒副反应等方面进行了一系列研究。例如,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇较普通型紫杉醇可以改善临床疗效,降低毒副反应。

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇早已问世,相关研究证实,在晚期乳腺癌领域,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇可以明显改善患者预后,尤其给药方式、毒副反应等均优于普通型紫杉醇。最新临床研究显示,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇在新辅助治疗中同样发挥重要作用。2019年St. Gallen国际乳腺癌大会同样给予了肯定。

在临床实践中,医生仍要对现有抗肿瘤药物合理、规范地应用,使得患者取得最大获益。

殷咏梅教授,主任医师,博导,南京医科大学第一临床医学院副院长,中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)常务理事  ,CSCO乳腺癌专家委员会副主任委员CSCO智慧医疗专家委员会副主任委员,中国医师协会精准医疗乳腺癌专业委员会副主任委员,中国医药教育协会肿瘤免疫治疗专业委员会副主任委员,中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会常委,中国抗癌协会肿瘤药物临床研究委员会常委,中国宋庆龄基金会肿瘤医疗及产学研联盟副理事长,吴阶平医学基金会肿瘤医学部常委

剂量密集型化疗可以给患者带来更多获益

早在20年前,Norton教授提出三种提高化疗疗效的设想:①提高每个周期化疗药物的剂量;②缩短化疗间隔周期;③采用续贯化疗的方式。CALGB9741临床研究结果公布,2周剂量密集型化疗方案较常规3周化疗方案可以提高患者无病生存率(84% vs 75%)。基于CALGB9741研究结果,2005年NCCN指南将剂量密集型化疗作为新辅助和术后辅助治疗的首选推荐。

2017年12月的圣安东尼奥乳腺癌大会上,公布了 EBCTCG关于剂量密集方案荟萃分析的最新数据,其中涉及含蒽环紫杉类化疗的相同剂量密集(2周)对比标准(3周)方案的七项临床试验的10004例患者。结果显示剂量密集(2周)方案能够降低患者的任意复发率(24% 对比 28.3%),10 年获益率为 4.3%;并降低患者乳腺癌死亡率(16.8对比19.6%),10年获益率为2.8%。因此,强烈支持含蒽环紫杉类剂量密集(2周)方案的临床获益。

临床实践中,对于部分三阴性乳腺癌、高危且体能状况较好的患者,优先推荐剂量密集型化疗作为新辅助或辅助治疗方案。同时强调G-CSF干预,在进一步提升疗效的同时保证安全性。

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇辅助免疫治疗,给三阴性乳腺癌患者带来更多选择

在过去数十年中,化疗一直是三阴性乳腺癌的唯一治疗手段。2018年,欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)年会公布的IMpassion 130研究使三阴性乳腺癌迎来免疫治疗的春天。结果显示,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合PD-L1抗体一线治疗可以使PD-L1表达阳性三阴性乳腺癌患者总生存期延长9.5个月(15.5个月vs 25个月,HR=0.62,95%CI 0.45~0.86),结果令人兴奋。未来PD-L1抗体联合白蛋白结合型紫杉醇可以作为三阴性乳腺癌患者非常好的选择之一。在药物可及的前提下,伴有PD-L1阳性表达的患者可以选择PD-L1抑制剂联合白蛋白结合型紫杉醇。目前,国内IMpassion 131临床试验也在开展,期待未来三阴性乳腺癌患者能够有更多选择。

既往紫杉类获益的患者疾病进展后可选择紫杉类再应用

紫杉类+蒽环类+烷化剂(TAC)、紫杉类+蒽环类(TA)等方案是乳腺癌的经典化疗方案。其中紫杉类药物主要包括紫杉醇、多西他赛以及白蛋白结合型紫杉醇。《CSCO乳腺癌诊疗指南》2018年版在更新中将白蛋白结合型紫杉醇列入新辅助治疗药物选择,并作为Ⅰ级推荐。《CSCO乳腺癌诊疗指南》2019年版继续强调了紫杉类药物再应用的临床价值。对于既往新辅助或辅助治疗阶段使用过紫杉类治疗获益的患者,在疾病复发转移阶段,仍然可以选择紫杉类药物,包括白蛋白结合型紫杉醇。部分一线治疗使用过紫杉类药物的晚期乳腺癌患者疾病进展后仍可从白蛋白结合型紫杉醇获益,临床经验与指南推荐相一致。

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    2019-04-22 珙桐
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    2019-04-21 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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    2019-04-20 122b9cbbm13暂无昵称

    来源最好在箱子点

    0

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