PNAS:乙酰胆碱能神经元全脑图谱研究新进展

2017-12-21 佚名 中科院脑科学中心

12月19日,《美国科学院院报》(PNAS)在线发表了题为“乙酰胆碱能神经元全脑图谱和基底前脑胆碱能神经元介观投射组”的研究成果。该研究由华中科技大学骆清铭教授、龚辉教授领衔的VBN团队和中国科学院神经科学研究所、脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心、神经科学国家重点实验室的仇子龙研究组合作完成。该研究基于VBN团队自主研发的全自动显微成像方法——全脑定位系统(Brain-wide Positioning

12月19日,《美国科学院院报》(PNAS)在线发表了题为“乙酰胆碱能神经元全脑图谱和基底前脑胆碱能神经元介观投射组”的研究成果。该研究由华中科技大学骆清铭教授、龚辉教授领衔的VBN团队和中国科学院神经科学研究所、脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心、神经科学国家重点实验室的仇子龙研究组合作完成。该研究基于VBN团队自主研发的全自动显微成像方法——全脑定位系统(Brain-wide Positioning System,BPS),在单细胞水平解析了全脑内胆碱能神经元的定位分布和基底前脑胆碱能神经元的精细形态结构及投射图谱。

乙酰胆碱能神经元是脑内一群重要的调制类神经元,分布在基底前脑和脑干等多个脑区。胆碱能神经元通过其广泛的轴突纤维投射释放乙酰胆碱,调控皮层、海马和皮层下核团的神经活动,参与运动、睡眠以及情感与记忆等多种功能。胆碱能神经元的功能异常与老年痴呆,睡眠及认知障碍等多种神经系统疾病有关,相关机制研究已成为目前医学与神经科学领域的热点之一。

胆碱能神经元的数目、分布及形态结构信息是研究这类神经元功能的关键因素,已有研究显示,胆碱能神经元的数目和神经退行性疾病有关。以往的研究中,通过传统的二维组织切片只能获取胆碱能神经元的主要分布脑区,粗略估算神经元的数目;受限于成像方法和标记技术,无法获取神经元的完整形态结构信息。因此一直缺乏精确的胆碱能神经元全脑三维分布图谱可供研究者使用。此外,胆碱能神经元通过其广泛的长程轴突投射调控皮层和皮层下多个核团,然而其如何调控众多的核团始终未知,研究者们已经提出了一些连接模型和假说来描述胆碱能神经环路,但由于缺乏单神经元分辨率的神经元完整形态数据,这些模型均无法准确描述胆碱能神经元和其他脑区和神经元的连接模式。

为了获取全脑内胆碱能神经元的分布图谱和精细形态信息,骆清铭教授、龚辉教授团队、仇子龙研究员及艾伦脑研究所曾红葵教授合作,利用BPS全脑精细成像系统(图A)结合荧光蛋白特异性标记胆碱能神经元的小鼠模型及病毒标记技术,获取了世界上第一套完整的胆碱能神经元三维全脑分布图谱(图B),该图谱包含了小鼠胆碱能神经元在各个脑区的分布数目(图C)、胞体大小及胞体密度等多种信息,为胆碱能神经元的功能研究提供了解剖学参考。在此基础上,该研究还成功重建了小鼠基底前脑50个胆碱能神经元的完整形态(图D),基于遗传标记、连接组和形态学参数进行了神经元分类(图E),并通过分析这些神经元的投射脑区,提出了单个胆碱能神经元调控下游脑区的新模型,即单个胆碱能神经元的轴突分支倾向于共投射到具有相互连接关系的下游脑区,且相邻的胆碱能神经元有可能调控完全不同的下游环路(图F)。该研究为理解胆碱能神经元如何调控神经活动提供了新的参考,也为神经元划分亚类提供了新的启示。


图注:乙酰胆碱能神经元全脑图谱 (A)全脑定位系统(Brain-wide Positioning System,BPS)。(B)乙酰胆碱能神经元全脑三维分布。(C)乙酰胆碱能神经元主要分布的21个脑区内定量计数。(D)50个基底前脑乙酰胆碱能神经元的完整形态。(E)基于神经元投射连接的胆碱能神经元分类。(F)相邻胆碱能神经元的不同投射模式。

该工作得到了国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(2012YQ030260),国家自然科学基金创新群体(61421064),国家自然科学基金(91432105,91432111,81527901和31625013)及武汉光电国家实验室主任基金的资助。

原始出处:

Xiangning Li,et al.,Generation of a whole-brain atlas for the cholinergic system and mesoscopic projectome analysis of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.published ahead of print December 19, 2017.

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    2018-06-13 drwjr
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    2017-12-23 grace5704