Nature:肥胖与肠道菌群紊乱有关,他汀类药物有望治疗肠道菌群紊乱

2020-05-08 Lauren 转化医学网

在2012年,来自6个欧洲国家的14个具有多学科专业知识的研究小组组成的曼特卡戴斯联合会(MetaCardis consortium),着手调查了肠道微生物群在心脏代谢疾病中的潜在作用。该项目是由IN

在2012年,来自6个欧洲国家的14个具有多学科专业知识的研究小组组成的曼特卡戴斯联合会(MetaCardis consortium),着手调查了肠道微生物群在心脏代谢疾病中的潜在作用。该项目是由INSERM(法国)的卡林·克莱门特(Karine Clement)教授协调,研究了欧洲2000多名健康和有心脏代谢疾病(肥胖、糖尿病心血管疾病)不同阶段的参与者。在5月6日,由杰罗恩·赖斯(Jeroen Raes)和克莱门特教授领导的研究团队,与曼特卡戴斯联合会一起在权威期刊《自然》上发表了他们的首次研究成果,确定了常见的降胆固醇药物他汀类作为一种潜在的微生物调节治疗药物。杰罗恩·赖斯和他的同事在题为“他汀类药物治疗与肠道微生物群失调的低患病率相关”的手稿中,探索了曼特卡戴斯联合会包含的3个国家(法国、丹麦和德国),体重指数在18到73之间的900个参与者的肠道细菌,虽然肥胖人群的肠道微生物群在早前已经被证明不同于瘦人,但赖斯实验室在定量微生物分析方面有独特经验,让研究人员对肥胖相关的微生物群的变化有了全新的认识。杰罗恩·赖斯教授表示,“最近,我们的实验室发现,在患有肠道炎症(炎症性肠病)、多发性硬化症和抑郁症患者中,肠道微生物群结构(肠型)有所增加。

我们观察了这种紊乱的肠型的特点是低细菌丰度和生物多样性,明显缺乏一些如粪杆菌属的抗炎细菌。事实上,即使在健康人群中,我们也检测到我们称之为类杆菌2(Bact2)肠型携带者中有略高的炎症水平,由于肥胖已知会导致全身炎症水平增加,我们假设Bact2在肥胖研究参与者中也会更普遍。”

研究人员探索了瘦和肥胖志愿者的肠道微生物结构,发现Bact2的患病率随着体重指数(BMI)的增加而增加。虽然只有4%的瘦人和肥胖受试者有Bact2载体特征,但在肥胖志愿者中这一比例上升到19%。在VIB-KU Leuven-Flemish肠道菌群项目的2350名参与者中也观察到同样的趋势。

萨拉·维埃拉·席尔瓦(Sara Vieira-Silva)(VIB-KU Leuven的主要作者,)表示,“我们发现携带Bact2肠型的受试者的全身炎症高于基于其BMI的预期。尽管这项研究设计不允许推断因果关系,但我们的分析确实表明,肠道细菌通过维持炎症在发展肥胖相关疾病病的过程中发挥了作用。虽然这些关键发现证实了我们的研究假设,但我们在比较他汀类药物治疗和未治疗参与者时获得的结果却让人大吃一惊。”

图1与他汀类药物使用相关的|肠道微生物变化

他汀类药物通常用于降低心脏代谢疾病的风险。他汀类药物除了具有降低胆固醇的作用外,还可以缓解患者的全身炎症水平。现在,维埃拉·席尔瓦和他的同事已经发现他汀类药物治疗对肠道微生物群的另一个潜在的有益作用。在肥胖个体中,服用他汀类药物的患者(6%)的益生菌Bact2肠型患病率显著低于未经治疗的患者(19%),与非肥胖参与者(4%)的水平相当。这些惊人的观察结果不仅在独立的Flemish肠道菌群项目数据集中得到了验证,而且在由280名心血管疾病患者组成的另一个曼特卡戴斯联合会分会中也得到了验证。

萨拉·维埃拉·席尔瓦表示:“这些结果表明,他汀类药物可以潜在地调节维持肥胖症炎症的肠道有害微生物群的变化。对我们结果的几种解释仍然是可能的。

一方面,通过减轻肠道炎症,他汀类药物治疗可能有助于减少肠道环境的不良反应,从而促进健康微生物群的发展。

另一方面,他汀类药物对细菌生长的直接影响已经被证实,这可能有益于非炎性细菌,并且是他汀类药物治疗的抗炎作用的基础。”杰罗恩·赖斯教授表示,“他汀类药物对肠道菌群的潜在有益影响为疾病治疗开辟了新的前景,特别是考虑到我们已经将Bact2肠型与几种假定肠道菌群作用的病理学相关联。我们的研究结果为新型肠道微生物群调节药物的开发提供了一系列可能性。”同时,曼特卡戴斯联合会坚持对他们的研究结果进行详细的说明。虽然很有希望,但报告的结果是基于横截面分析,而不是遵循治疗时间表。

这意味着不能根据这些观察结果来宣称因果关系,研究人员也不能排除不明原因的因素可能起了作用。例如,服用他汀类药物的受试者在被诊断出患有心脏代谢疾病的风险增加后,可能会采取一种完全健康的生活方式,这可能会对他们的肠道生态系统产生有益的影响。

研究人员警告说,“虽然我们的结果肯定是有希望的,但还需要在一项前瞻性临床试验中进行进一步的评估,以确定这种效果在随机人群中是否存在,然后再考虑应用他汀类药物作为微生物调节疗法。”这项研究是欧盟委员会赞助的曼特卡戴斯联合会在揭示肠道微生物群在心血管疾病中作用方面作出努力的一部分。

临床曼特卡戴斯联合会的主要研究者卡林·克莱门特教授说,“作为心脏病的一个关键危险因素,我们研究工作的一部分是致力于勾画与肥胖相关的肠道微生物群改变的全面蓝图。接下来还有更多的事情要做:除了肥胖症,我们也在探索是否和哪些微生物群紊乱会进一步促进心脏代谢病理学的进展。我们研究的最终目标是揭示肠道细菌在心脏病发展中的作用,并从长远来看,能够根据新的微生物群见解提出创新的诊断、预防甚至治疗工具。我们目前正在完成多个额外的研究,请继续关注!”

参考:

【1】https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-05-obesity-linked-gut-microbiota-disturbance.html

【2】https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01281-0

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    2021-01-12 Fwy

    学到了,谢谢

    0

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    2020-10-21 叮当筒子7

    肠道菌群与眼病

    0

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    2021-02-11 liye789132251
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