“游戏成瘾”“精神病”?来听听心理专家解析

2018-06-21 文:喻小念 编辑:田琨 健康界

夏至之际,天气越来越热。世界的热点事件也是层出不穷,许多事令人免不了的焦虑不安。今年6月19日,世界卫生组织(WHO)通知世界各国政府,将游戏成瘾纳入医疗体系。早在2018年初发布的第11版《国际疾病分类》(ICD-11)中,“游戏成瘾”(Gaming disorder)已列入精神疾病范围。也就是说,“游戏成瘾”正式被认定为一种精神疾病。这一消息一下激爆了网络,特别是年轻人中不禁担心起来,难道玩个

夏至之际,天气越来越热。世界的热点事件也是层出不穷,许多事令人免不了的焦虑不安。

今年6月19日,世界卫生组织(WHO)通知世界各国政府,将游戏成瘾纳入医疗体系。早在2018年初发布的第11版《国际疾病分类》(ICD-11)中,“游戏成瘾”(Gaming disorder)已列入精神疾病范围。也就是说,“游戏成瘾”正式被认定为一种精神疾病。这一消息一下激爆了网络,特别是年轻人中不禁担心起来,难道玩个游戏也成“精神病”了?

其实对于“游戏成瘾/网络成瘾”是否界定为精神疾病,国内外学术界十几年来经历了反复论证和争议。原北京军区总医院陶然主任一直坚持“网瘾是一种心理疾病”,而更多的学者认为网瘾或游戏成瘾只是其他心理问题的表现。

有关的研究发现,研究对象在专注于网络游戏活动时,大脑状态表现出与毒品成瘾者相似的活动,严重者的行为模式也和成瘾者一样。2013年美国精神病学会发布的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》即列入了“网络游戏障碍”(Internet gaming disorder)概念。但仍然认为其疾病性质尚有待进一步研究。

截止2017年12月的数据,我国网民达7.7亿,网络活动与民众生活关系日益密切。上网或网络游戏,已是人们生活中不可或缺的行为活动。作为精神疾病如何界定“游戏成瘾”、“网瘾”等疾病,却不是那么简单的,并不能以简单的上网或网络游戏行为本身即做出判断,必须由医疗机构的专业医师,严格按照精神疾病的相关标准才能做出合理判断。

所以,普通民众并不需要对世界卫生组织的这一建议过度紧张和解读。网络游戏活动本身并不等于精神疾病,只有当这类活动超出正常范围,给参与者造成身体、精神或社会活动障碍时,才有可能成为疾病。通俗而言就是,上网是日常生活工作需要,网络游戏使人愉快,其他生活工作活动正常,身体精神良好时,便均是正常活动。只有当人沉迷于网络或网络游戏活动,其他日常生活活动都无法进行,身体精神也伴有各种不良反应时,网络游戏就有可能是一种精神疾病的“游戏成瘾”。

网络游戏通常以青少年为主体,青少年心智发育不完善,自我调节控制能力相对较弱,自然“游戏成瘾”也容易成为危害青少年身心健康的严重问题。故加强青少年的网络使用引导,防止“游戏成瘾”的发生,是全社会需要予以高度重视的问题。

“游戏成瘾”、“网络成瘾”等问题发生机制复杂,往往与个人心理特征、家庭养育模式、社会环境影响等因素错综交织,一般性的说服教育,往往极难有效。一旦发生或怀疑,及时前往医疗机构寻求帮助,做出正确的诊断和干预治疗,才是解决的最佳途径。

专家简介:

喻小念  航空总医院心身医学科主任  主任医师 教授

毕业于华西医科大学,获日本九州大学大学院医学/心理学博士学位,拥有日本国立精神神经研究中心博士后研究员经历;长期从事精神因素刺激对机体健康影响的研究及各类精神心理疾病的临床诊治,具有深厚医学、心理学素养及20余年临床及教学经验;善于调节各种躯体疾病中的心理问题,并能对各种社会适应性障碍及心理危机进行及时心理干预。

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    2018-11-22 hongbochen
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    2018-06-21 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2018-06-21 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    游戏成瘾是病.得治.

    0

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    2018-06-21 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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